The Chimney Sweeper A Little Black Thing Among The Snow

During the 18 and 19th century there was new movement among many poets, litrerics and composters. This new movement was named Romanticism (or romantic) was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement. Literature began to move in channels that were not entirely new but were in strong contrast to the standard literary practice of the eighteenth century. Poets became particular famous for their poems which would often criticize the society of the times, and often give a voice to the marginalised and oppressed. As well as this Poets would also made arresting comparisons to children in there poems, they believed children where exceptional due to the poets beliefs that they were innocent and uncorrupted, but also had an affinity with nature. A poet which did so was William Blake, whose poem ‘The chimney sweeper: A little black thing among the snow’ I will be comparing and contrasting to ‘The chimneys sweepers complaint’ by Mary Alock in how the pr esentation of childhood innocence is presented in both poems. There are many comparisons to make about these two poems. Firstly they are both written in the romantic era, late 18th century and early 19th century. However the most potent aspect which draws these two poems to similarity would be the context of the poems. The context of the poem comments on injustice in society, the use of children as cheap labour. During the 18th and 19th century many young children where often forced into hard labour which would sometimesShow MoreRelatedIndustrialized Society in Romantic Poetry: William Blakes The Chimney Sweeper1253 Words   |  6 Pagesthe newly industrialized society and tried to emphasize the world in the eyes of the common people especially children. The chimney sweeper is the name of the two poems by William Blake. He created these poems to highlight the problems of the children in industrialized Britain, and to underline British government’s duties (Erdman 228). Everybody knew that the business chimney sweeping was a dirty one and lots of children had died because of the intoxication and unhealthy working conditions. BlakeRead More In William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, many872 Words   |  4 PagesInnocence and Songs of Experience, many of the poems correlate in numerous aspects. For example, The Chimney Sweeper is a key poem in both collections that portrays the soul of a child The Chimney Sweeper in Innocence vs. The Chimney Sweeper in Experience In William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, many of the poems correlate in numerous aspects. For example, The Chimney Sweeper is a key poem in both collections that portrays the soul of a child with both a naà ¯ve and experiencedRead MoreThe Depth of Social Criticism in the Little Black Boyand Chimney Sweeper by William Blake1006 Words   |  4 PagesBoth poems â€Å"The Little Black Boy† and â€Å"Chimney Sweeper† by William Blake expose the depth of social criticism under different circumstances. The poem â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† has a much stronger reflection on the responsibility of religion and society to take blame for their actions in perpetuating the cycle of slavery. The children being sold into the inhuman conditions of chimney sweeping can’t get out of the dangerous line of work without assistance from adults who instead aid their suffering toRead MoreThe Contrary States of the Humn Soul852 Words   |  3 PagesBlake wrote most of his poems in pairs in his Songs of Innocence and Experience. For example The Chimney Sweeper of the Songs of Innocence is paired with The Chimney Sweeper of the Songs of Experience. The Chimney Sw eeper from the Songs of Innocence is narrated by a child, which fits perfectly in the Songs of Innocence because children are perceived as innocent and inexperienced. The Chimney Sweeper in the Songs of Experience is narrated by an adult who sees corruption in children. By Blake pairingRead More William Blakes Chimney Sweeper Essay1976 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Blakes Chimney Sweeper In this essay I am going to explore Blakes Chimney Sweeper poems from the Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Experience. During this essay I will cover Blakes life and times and the way chimney sweepers get treated around that time and what Blake attempts to do about it. Blake was born on November 28 in the year 1757. His parents where strict but understanding. Blakes parents realized early in his life that Blake was gifted. HeRead MoreEssay on Innocence Stolen in William Blake’s The Chimney Sweeper843 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout world history their have been and are many occurrences of society corruption and oppression of masses, such as the forcing of small children to sweep chimneys. Thus, William Blake’s Purpose in writing the two â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† poems was to express his outrage at society for having oppressed and stolen the innocence of powerless children in forcing them to sweep. Both poems are similar in that he uses the actions and view point of the child speaker to express his rage against societyRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The Chimney Sweeper And The Chimney Sweeper877 Words   |  4 PagesBoth â€Å"The Chimney Sweepers† poems were written during the industrial revolution. During the industrial revolution families were living in poverty, and times were challenging. Often times for families to survive they would sell their children to master sweeps, or master sweeps would welcome orphans and homeless children into the industry of menial labour. They used children between the ages of five to ten depending on their size. Parents would often sell their children younger, because their smallRead MoreComparing The Poem The Chimney Sweeper 1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe two poems that I chose to compare are â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† poem from both Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Experience. When my mother died I was very young, And my father sold me while yet my tongue Could scarcely cry weep! weep! weep! weep! So your chimneys I sweep in soot I sleep. There s little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head That curled like a lamb s back, was shaved, so I said, Hush, Tom! never mind it, for when your head s bare, You know that the soot cannot spoilRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Chimney1713 Words   |  7 PagesRevolution in the eighteenth century, child labor became a common practice throughout Britain. The children were oppressed and had a diminutive existence and were forced to work long hours in the factories, mills, coal mines and chimneys, in dangerous and inhumane conditions. The chimneys were often only seven inches wide and only a child was small enough to fit inside and brush clean it. Master sweeps would buy young children usually six to ten years old from their poverty stricken parents or take in youngRead More William Blakes The Chimney-Sweeper, Holy Thursday (Innocence) and London1520 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Blakes The Chimney-Sweeper, Holy Thursday (Innocence) and London I am going to compare and contrast three of William Blake poems, where he shows his feelings about the way people treat children: The Chimney-Sweeper, Holy Thursday (Innocence) and London. The Chimney-Sweeper is about a child who sweeps chimneys. William Blake sets this poem in the winter. The children worked in the cold. Blake says, â€Å"A little black thing among the snow,† â€Å"The little black thing,† Is the child who

Essay on Dignity of the African People in Chinua Achebes...

Dignity of the African People Conveyed in Things Fall Apartnbsp; nbsp; In Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart, it is shown that the African people had their own complex culture before the Europeans decided to pacify them. The idea that the dignity of these people has been greatly compromised is acknowledged in the essay The Role of the Writer, which is explanatory of Achebes novels. A writer trying to capture the truth of a situation that his readers may know little or nothing about needs a sense of history in order to appropriately address the topic. It is not enough to beat another writer to the issue. Writers should make the attempt to express a deeper understanding. Without proper mental investment in a written work, the†¦show more content†¦In his mind, his religion is completely true, and the beliefs of the Africans are asinine and savage. The Commissioner considers any real contact with the natives undignified. He cannot respect his subject, which is in this case the Ibo, because he has elevated himself in his mind as more intelligent and c ultured. He does not have respect for them because he does not believe that it is worth his while to learn their philosophies. Once an author gains such a feeling of superiority over his subject, his writings cannot be objective. He must view himself equal in importance to the topic of analysis in order to explore in depth the human condition and make his own writings consequential. nbsp; Another vice that causes writings to be lacking in effect is insincerity on the part of the writer. When a writer performs for money or ego, the motivation does not help regain the loss of [the] dignity and self-respect that the African people suffered. Writers motivated by money tend to reflect the views of their parishioners. In this case the writers concerns are on his pay, not on the social impact of the topic. If the writer is writing for fame, he will be writing in a pedantic manner, keeping in mind only his success, rather that the depth of the piece. Such writers do not put their thoughts into human terms so that damage done to the AfricanShow MoreRelatedAfrican Literature : Is It Truly Authentic?1214 Words   |  5 PagesAfrican Literature: Is it Truly Authentic? Now lets just say an Anthropologist went on to study an African cultural group in Nigeria. Now let s consider that Anthropologist went on to live exactly like that African group, and the Anthropologist decided to report his findings as if an individual from that cultural group was writing about the experience. Now think about the controversy that will be caused, and the debate regarding if this is truly African experience. Ever since the mid 1700’s toRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreEssay on Images of Africa in Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart2228 Words   |  9 PagesImages of Africa in Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman.   Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness (Conrad 94), as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life, but he also manages to depict Africans as though they are not worthy of the respectRead More Essay Contrasting Images in Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness2233 Words   |  9 PagesContrasting Images in Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman.   Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as â€Å"so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness† (Conrad 94), as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life, but he also manages to depict Africans as though they are not worthy of the respectRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7

Leadership for Australian Qantas Airlines- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLeadership for Australian Qantas Airlines Limited. Answer: Introduction Alan Joyce is an Irish-born executive. The soft- spoken and small in stature Australian Qantas Airlines Limited Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and managing director was born on 30th June 1966 as Alan Joseph Joyce. Joyce grew up in Tallaght on the outskirts of Dublin with his siblings. Given his humble background, Joyce focused on education and went to Dublin Institute of Technology where he obtained his Bachelors degree in Applied Science (Physics and Mathematics) and later attended Trinity College Dublin for his Masters of Science Degree (Qantas, 2017). Joyce started his career in Aer Lingus as a research analyst and later was hired by the non-operational Ansett Australia before joining Qantas group in 2000: Jetstar as the founding CEO in 2013. In addition to being a member of the Qantas Airways Limited, he was a board member of Jester Airways a subsidiary of Qantas until 2008 when he was appointed as the carriers CEO. Also, Joyce is a member of the Royal Aeronautical Society and the International Air Transport Associations board of governors (Financial Times, 2015). During his time as Qantas CEO and managing director, the airline has continued to lead in the Australian Market and forging of stronger airline partnership and the entry of the airline into Asian market. In 2015, Alan Joyce was named as the Airline CEO of the year by the Centre for Aviation (CAPA, 2015). Having worked in the as CEO initially for Jetstar and Qantas Airlines, Joyce has a wealth of skill on how to manage people in the airlines. Different leaders have adopted different leadership approaches to steer their organization. According to Allan Joyce having been chief executive for a start-up and an incumbent company Joyce exercised classical leadership qualities i.e. accountability, decisiveness, communication, and teamwork to achieve success in the organization. Joyce has always adopted the same transformational leadership style while working at Jetstar as well at Qantas (BCG, 2010). The executive acknowledged that decision are affected by the organization with Jetstar taking a shorter time to implement compared to Qantas which thirty thousand (30,000) employees. Transformational leaders work closely with their subordinates to effect the change that the organization needs, develop a clear and attainable vision to guide the change process and walks the walk hand in hand with t he team to fully execute the transformation in line with the laid down policies (Avoli, 1994). Transformational leaders exemplify ability to take the right risk, make difficult decisions, and encourage innovation and creativity while also keeping their ego- under control (Shelton, 2012). The transformational leadership style by Joyce can be evidenced by his move to slash the airline's jobs and wages by 15% of the workforce after a $2.8 billion net loss in 2014. In the three-year makeover, some of the persons facing retrenchment were Joyces mentors and friends which Joyce termed as appalling yet necessary. Following the move, Qantas registered a 234% jump in profits in its first half of 2015 and announced a $900 million profit for that financial year. In 2010 following a series of engine problems with Qantas A380s carriers and subsequent grounding of the six A380s, Joyce announced entering into an alliance with Emirates and this followed the closing of Singapore-Changi first class lounge given Qantas had no A380s operating. Qantas revised their route for London services through Dubai hence closing of Changi first class lounge was followed by opening one in Dubai (Australian Aviation, 2012). Joyce has further managed to restore company dividend policy after a seven yea rs period after which evidences the confidence of the ability of the airlines to continuously make profits. Joyce had embarked on a series of strategies to cut on the airline's fuel cost and revenue saving. Having been chief executive officer for Qantas for the last seven years, Alan Joyce has faced some challenges. In 2011, Qantas was faced with industrial dispute that saw Alan Joyce announce the grounding of their domestic and international fleet for two consecutive days .i.e. 29th -30th November to lock out all the staff until the trade unions representing the employees reach an agreement with the management. The three trade unions; Australian and International Pilots Association (AIPA) representing pilots, Transport Workers Union (TWU) representing the ground and catering employees, and Australian Licensed Aircraft Engineers Association (ALAEA) representing engineers. Staff claim action was escalated by the announcement for a restructure by Qantas in Asia which would lead to loss of one thousand jobs in Australia. Joyce emphasized was necessary for the successful move into Asia as a turnaround strategy of the airline to profitability. The move was to improve the earning capacity of the firm which was incurring losses and losing its international market share with stiff competition from Emirates and Virgin Australia (Parliament of Australia, 2012). The two-day grounding of the planes had devastating effect on the economy estimated at $80 million on loss from the tourism industry. Qantas itself lost revenue estimated at $40 million from grounding their fleet and a subsequent $70 million in damages. The intervention of Fair Work Australia (FWA) which ended the industrial action between the Qantas Airlines Limited and the trade unions gave room for negotiation and possible arbitration. Instead of grounding the fleet, Joyce should have considered negotiation which would have been less costly for Qantas. Another challenge experienced by Joyce is the slump in the value of the companys share after rumours that Qantas Airbus A380 had crashed in 2010. In the 90 years of operation, the carrier has not experienced any fatalities leave alone a crush. Following a series of engine breakdown, the six Qantas A380 were grounded to give time to investigate the malfunctions. Joyce had to assure the investors that the airline was safe hence his action to ground the Airbus A380 cleared the rumour thereby the share gained back on the previous losses. Further by steering the company to profitability, Joyce has strengthened the share price with prices rallying to a ten-month high due to growth in profit to a tune of twenty-five percent in 2016. With increasing the investors confidence in the ability of Qantas to continue growing its future. The more investors willing to invest, the more the price of shares are bound to escalate. To be more efficient and avoid slumping of stock price, the management nee d at all times contain problems to avoid negative company image. Alan Joyce offers valuable lessons in leadership. First, as a leader, its important to not show any form of physical stress since as far as the subordinates are concerned the leader should be calm and collected as he/she is a source of inspiration. Also, its important for leaders to compartmentalize tasks so that focus on tasks can be prioritized based on importance and urgency. Further, being a leader practicing inclusivity is key to the success of the team and the organization. Moreover, being vocal, decisive, and advocating for workplace equality enhances relationships among employees. In addition to being highly flexible, a leader ought to be adaptable, balance short-term and long-term goals of the company and be able to make quick and rapid decisions. In conclusion, Alan Joyce embraces transformational leadership, and he has stood out as the boss that most Australian workers wish to work under. In a recent survey carried on more than a thousand Australian staff. Of those who took part in the inquiry, 21% voted in favour Joyce for his excellent management style which is focused on the future of the organization. Good leadership should be able to stand the constant shock syndrome that management faces day in day out of the running of the business. References Australian Aviation, 2012. Australian Aviation. [Online] Available at: https://australianaviation.com.au/2012/09/qantas-to-close-singapore-first-class-lounge/ [Accessed 15 May 2017]. Avoli, B. M. B. . B. J., 1994. Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership. 1 ed. London: SAGE. bcg.perspective, 2010. bcg.perspectives. [Online] Available at: https://www.bcgperspectives.com/content/videos/leadership_organization_joyce_alan/ [Accessed 15 May 2017]. Brown, L. V., 2007. Psychology of motivation. 1 ed. New York: Nova Science Publisher, Inc. CAPA, 2015. CAPA- CENTRE FOR AVIATION. [Online] Available at: https://centreforaviation.com/ [Accessed 15 May 2017]. Financial Times, 2015. Financial Times. [Online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/f0926118-c651-11e4-add0-00144feab7de [Accessed 15 May 2017]. Parliament of Australia, 2012. Parliament of Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BN/2011-2012/ChronQantas [Accessed 15 May 2017]. Qantas, 2017. QANTAS.COM. [Online] Available at: https://www.qantas.com/travel/airlines/qantas-ceo/global/en [Accessed 15 May 2017]. Randal, J., 2004. Managing Change/Changing Managers. 1 ed. London: Psychology Press. Rose, G. R. . M., 2004. A Leadership Paradox: Influencing Others By Defining yourself. 1 ed. Indiana: Challenge Quest, LLC. Schein, E. H., 2016. Organization Culture and Leadership. 5 ed. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Shelton, D. E. J., 2012. Transformational leadership- Trust, Motivation and engage. 1 ed. New York: Trafford Publishing.

Practice Essay Example

Practice Essay Can the frequency of cricket chirps be used to predict the outdoor temperature? According to one of the founding fathers of communications engineering, George Washington Pierce, the answer is yes. During his career, Pierce invented several pieces of technology that earned him patents and a lot of money from companies like RCA and ATT. When he retired, Pierce built a device that allowed him to record the sounds made by various insects near his New Hampshire home. In 1948, he published his research findings in a book titled The Songs of Insects. In this Activity, ou will examine data that Pierce collected on the number of chirps per second of the striped ground cricket and the outdoor temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. You will compose a Word document with the answers to each of the numbered questions below as well as your scatterplot with regression line. Cricket chirps per second Outdoor temperature (OF) 20. 0 88. 6 16. 0 71 . 6 19. 8 93. 3 18. 4 84. 3 17. 1 80. 6 15. 5 75. 2 14. 7 69. 7 82. 0 1 5. 4 69. 4 16. 2 83. 3 15. 0 79. 6 17. 2 82. 6 17. 0 83. 5 14. 4 76. 3 1. Enter the data into your MS Excel spreadsheet. Which is the explanatory variable? 2. Make a well-labeled scatterplot of the data. Describe the direction, form, and strength of the relationship. Are there any outliers? 3. Use MS Excel to find the least- squares regression line for these data. Record the equation, paying attention to precision. [After plotting the scatterplot, position cursor on one data point and right click. Choose Add Trendline, then select linear. Experiment with Chart Layouts to find regression equation. ] 4. Interpret the slope and the y-intercept of the least-squared line in this setting. 5. Use the equation to predict the temperature when there are 15 cricket chirps per second. Determine the value of the Correlation Coefficient. [Remember that the r is the square root of r2] Comment on how well the regression line fits the data. 7. Is it reasonable to use the equation to predict the temperature when there are 25 cricket chirps per second? Explain. 8. Crickets make their chirping sounds by rapidly rubbing their wings together. From Pierces data, we see that outdoor temperature increases as the number of cricket chirps increases. Can we conclude that the increased number of chirps causes the temperature to increase (maybe due to the heat generated from wings rubbing together)? Explain. We will write a custom essay sample on Practice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Second Battle of Bull Run of the American Civil War

Second Battle of Bull Run of the American Civil War The Second Battle of Bull Run (also called the Second Manassas, Groveton, Gainesville, and Brawners Farm) took place during the second year of the American Civil War. It was a major disaster for the Union forces and a turning point in both strategy and leadership for the North in the attempt to bring the war to its conclusion. Fought in late August of 1862 near Manassas, Virginia, the two-day brutal battle was one of the bloodiest of the conflict. Overall, casualties totaled 22,180, with 13,830 of those Union soldiers. Background The first Battle of the Bull Run occurred 13 months earlier when both sides had gone gloriously to war for their separate notions of what the ideal United States should be. Most people believed that it would take only one big decisive battle to resolve their differences. But the North lost the first Bull Run battle, and by August of 1862, the war had become an unrelentingly brutal affair. In the spring of 1862, Maj. Gen. George McClellan ran the Peninsula Campaign to recapture the Confederate capital at Richmond, in a grueling series of battles that culminated in the Battle of Seven Pines. It was a partial Union victory, but the emergence of the Confederate Robert E. Lee as a military leader in that battle would cost the North dearly. Leadership Change Maj. Gen. John Pope was appointed by Lincoln in June of 1862 to command the Army of Virginia as a replacement for McClellan. Pope was far more aggressive than McClellan but was generally despised by his chief commanders, all of whom technically outranked him. At the time of the second Manassas, Popes new army had three corps of 51,000 men, led by Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel, Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Banks, and Maj. Gen. Irvin McDowell. Eventually, another 24,000 men would join from parts of three corps from McClellans Army of the Potomac, led by Maj. Gen. Jesse Reno. Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee was also new to the leadership: His military star rose at Richmond. But unlike Pope, Lee was an able tactician and admired and respected by his men. In the run-up to the Second Bull Run battle, Lee saw that the Union forces were yet divided, and sensed an opportunity existed to destroy Pope before heading south to finish McClellan. The Army of Northern Virginia was organized into two wings of 55,000 men, commanded by Maj. Gen. James Longstreet and Maj. Gen. Thomas Stonewall Jackson.   A New Strategy for the North One of the elements that surely led to the fierceness of the battle was the change in strategy from the North. President Abraham Lincolns original policy allowed southern noncombatants who had been captured to go back to their farms and escape the cost of war. But the policy failed miserably. Noncombatants continued to support the South in ever-increasing ways, as suppliers for food and shelter, as spies on the Union forces, and as participants in guerrilla warfare. Lincoln instructed Pope and other generals to begin pressuring the civilian population by bringing some of the hardships of war to them. In particular, Pope ordered harsh penalties for guerilla attacks, and some in Popes army interpreted this to mean pillage and steal. That enraged Robert E. Lee. In July of 1862, Pope had his men concentrate at Culpeper courthouse on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad about 30 miles north of Gordonsville between the Rappahannock and Rapidan rivers. Lee  sent Jackson and the left wing to move north to Gordonsville to meet Pope. On Aug. 9, Jackson defeated Banks corps at  Cedar Mountain, and by Aug. 13, Lee moved Longstreet north as well.   Timeline of Key Events Aug. 22–25: Several indecisive skirmishes took place across and along the Rappahannock River. McClellans forces began to join Pope, and in response Lee sent Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuarts cavalry division around to the Union right flank. Aug. 26: Marching northward, Jackson seized Popes supply depot in the woods at Groveton, and then struck at the Orange Alexandria Railroad Bristoe Station. Aug. 27: Jackson captured and destroyed the massive Union supply depot at Manassas Junction, forcing Pope into retreat from the Rappahannock. Jackson routed the New Jersey Brigade near Bull Run Bridge, and another battle was fought at Kettle Run, resulting in 600 casualties. During the night, Jackson moved his men north to the first Bull Run battlefield. Aug. 28: At 6:30 p.m., Jackson ordered his troops to attack a Union column as it marched along the Warrenton Turnpike. The battle was engaged on Brawner Farm, where it lasted until dark. Both sustained heavy losses. Pope misinterpreted the battle as a retreat and ordered his men to trap Jacksons men. Aug. 29: At 7:00 in the morning, Pope sent a group of men against a Confederate position north of the turnpike in a series of uncoordinated and largely unsuccessful attacks. He sent conflicting instructions to do this to his commanders, including Maj. Gen. John Fitz Porter, who chose not to follow them. By afternoon, Longstreets Confederate troops reached the battlefield and deployed on Jacksons right, overlapping the Union left. Pope continued to misinterpret the activities and did not receive news of Longstreets arrival until after dark. Aug. 30: The morning was quiet- both sides took the time to confer with their lieutenants. By afternoon, Pope continued to assume incorrectly that the Confederates were leaving, and began planning a massive attack to pursue them. But Lee had gone nowhere, and Popes commanders knew that. Only one of his wings ran with him. Lee and Longstreet moved forward with 25,000 men against the Unions left flank. The North was repelled, and Pope faced disaster. What prevented Popes death or capture was a heroic stand on Chinn Ridge and Henry House Hill, which distracted the South and bought enough time for Pope to withdraw across Bull Run towards Washington around 8:00 p.m. Aftermath The humiliating defeat of the North at the second Bull Run included 1,716 killed, 8,215 wounded and 3,893 missing from the North, a total of 13,824 alone from Popes army. Lee suffered 1,305 killed and 7,048 wounded. Pope blamed his defeat on a conspiracy of his officers for not joining in the attack on Longstreet, and court-martialed Porter for disobedience. Porter was convicted in 1863 but exonerated in 1878. The Second Battle of Bull Run was a sharp contrast to the first. Lasting two days of brutal, bloody battle, it was the worst the war had yet seen. To the Confederacy, the win was the crest of their northward-rushing movement, beginning their first invasion when Lee reached the Potomac River in Maryland on Sept. 3. To the Union, it was a devastating defeat, sending the North into a depression that was only remedied by the quick mobilization needed to repel the invasion of Maryland. The Second Manassas is a study of the ills that pervaded the Union high command in Virginia before U.S. Grant was chosen to head up the army. Popes incendiary personality and policies bared a deep schism among his officers, Congress and the North. He was relieved of his command on Sept. 12, 1862, and Lincoln moved him out to Minnesota to participate in the Dakota Wars with the Sioux. Sources Hennessy, John J. Return to Bull Run: The Campaign and Battle of Second Manassas. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993. Print.Luebke, Peter C. Second Manassas Campaign. Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities 2011. Web. Accessed April 13, 2018.Tompkins, Gilbert. The Unlucky Right Wing. The North American Review 167.504 (1898): 639–40. Print.Wert, Jeffry. Second Battle of Manassas: Union Major General John Pope Was No Match for Robert E. Lee. History.net. 1997 [2006]. Web. Accessed April 13, 2018.Zimm, John. This Wicked Rebellion: Wisconsin Civil War Soldiers Write Home. The Wisconsin Magazine of History 96.2 (2012): 24–27. Print.

African American vs. Caucasian Americans essays

African American vs. Caucasian Americans essays At first glance some people might consider this paper to be on the racial side, however it was all written by observations made. There are many differences between African Americans and Caucasians, some people don't see the differences because of ignorance . You must read the paper with an open mind and take none of this to heart. African American and Caucasians function differently in public surroundings. When you see a young African American you usually see them in groups of four of more. However, when one of them gets into a disagreement five to ten more show up in their defense. They are a very close knit group of individuals. I have also noticed that when you see a young African American walking around they are usually singing, talking very loud or running around. Also when they are in groups they are very loud and take over the area that they occupy. On the other hand when you see Caucasians they are rarely in groups of three or more. To top it off when someone in one of their groups gets in trouble the rest of the group is nowhere to be found. Most times when you see young Caucasian people in a group they are for the most part within a normal speaking level. These two groups tend to act differently in the public due to their cultural differences. There are a number of differences between the churches of African Americans and Caucasians. At most typical African American churches there are no true sermons. The African American churches tend to do more entertaining rather than teaching. They also do a great deal of singing and dancing involved in there praising of God. They emphasize fellowship in their churches especially after church when they all gather and close the celebration with a meal together. However at a typical Caucasian church there are a few differences. To start it off when you first walk in you get a program detailing what will be happening through the service. The...

Impact of the World Trade Organization on Intellectual Property Rights Essay

Impact of the World Trade Organization on Intellectual Property Rights - Essay Example Finally, economics affect the governments by determining nation’s financial resources needed in the sustenance of the country’s requirements. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body which has the main responsibility for regulating trade between different countries engaged in commercial activities. For example, the WTO standardizes trading policies by finding a common ground between different domestic policies (Kroll, 1999). Recent years have proved to be challenging for trading activities, especially in what concerns the intellectual property rights. Due to differences in policies regarding the ownership and transference of intellectual rights from one person to another, these rights are a crucial issue of contention between countries engaged in trading activities at the international level (Kroll, 1999). The WTO continues to resolve disputes arising with regard to intellectual property rights by providing a standardized set of rules used in the judgment of these cases (Kroll, 1999). Free trade recognizes individual rights to own and dispose of property and is a result of capitalism, which replaced the once popular mercantilism. Capitalism allows for privatization of wealth and the subsequent reduction of restrictions on trade, namely free trade (Craig, 1994). Free trade is considered an economic provision for exchange of goods and services without the intervention of the government, especially in view of foreign trade. In this scenario, the traders utilize the principle of comparative advantage, i.e. both parties benefit from the trade interactions. Ricardo (1817) demonstrated the gains from free trade by an example between two countries, which can use comparative advantage. Matters of guiding policies dictate that free trade ought to rely on supply and demand governing the prices and availability of the goods and services. However, comparative advantage, demand, and supply do not guarantee fair trade.

Staffing Models and Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Staffing Models and Strategy - Essay Example These negative responses emanate from the fact that such mangers may not have utilized good staffing models to improve their organizational strategy. Businesses that implement good staffing models will translate these benefits into all aspects of the organization. The most important of all the departments is the financial department. Managers who implement sound staffing models will not waste valuable company resources employing unnecessary employees. This substantially reduces overall costs of the business and may encourage competitive pricing. Such companies can afford to offer special prices, bonuses and discounts because they have minimized their overall operating costs. Consequently, they can still run at a profit. (Druker, 1995) Not only do staffing models reduce overall operating cost within any given company, but they also improve quality. When human resource managers or general managers decide to employ sound staffing strategies, then chances are only the most appropriate employees will be selected for the job. This implies that such employees will commit themselves towards achieving organizational goals and will go a long way in ensuring that such employees perform to their maximum. It is a known fact that overall productivity in any company is directly linked to individual efforts - an aspect that is adequately covered in good staffing models and staffing strategies. Most organizations tend to perform poorly within their respective ... If everyone in an organization is working at his or her optimum, then such an organization is likely to supersede its competitor's performance. Staffing models are also particularly important in ensuring the right balance between specialists and generalists. Repeatedly, many organizations make the mistake of employing too many specialists. Such large levels of employee supply may outstrip demand and cause heavy losses for the company in question. On the other hand, a company with very few specialists is unable to perform certain tasks and functions thus impeding its productivity and overall performance in the market. Therefore, companies need to make sure that the number and quality of specialists and generalists meets organizational needs. Staffing models provide businesses with the framework for rationalizing and balancing the latter mentioned groups. (Michell, 1999) What staffing models and strategy entail Staffing models are a representation of the relationship between staffing costs and time utilization by employees. Additionally, they also indicate the kind of activities that occur within the organization and why employees perform those duties and functions. Staffing models give managers a chance to critically analyze how employees spend their time in the organization. This also acts as a platform for assessing the most effective way of going about organizational duties. Normally, staffing models are depictions of how all the latter issues relate to one another through the following; Reports Graphs Charts Other analytical tools Additionally, some companies may choose to treat these staffing models as tools

Home-Style Cookies Essay Example for Free

Home-Style Cookies Essay In this case study, the focus revolves around the Lew Mark Baking Company. The Lew-Mark Baking Company according to the case study is from a small town in western New York. Lew-mark Baking company operates in New York and New Jersey. It employs around 200 workers in a mainly blue collar, informal atmosphere. In my paper, I will answer several questions about operations for this company The Cookie Production Process When describing the cookie production process for Lew-mark baking, it is best described as using the batch processing system. The batch processing system can best be described as the execution of a series of programs (jobs) on a computer without human interaction. â€Å"Batch Processing is used when a moderate value of goods or services is desired, and it can handle a moderate variety of products and services† (Stevenson 2009, P 239). This method helps with quantity management because Lew mark only makes cookies according to demand. What are two ways that the company has increased productivity? Why did increasing the length of the ovens result in a faster output? One obvious way the company is increasing productivity is that it only makes cookies according to the demand. What ever order it receives from its distributor is what is made in the factory. This ensures that productivity is centered on the demand and time is not wasted baking products that might or might not sell. This is return, makes productivity quicker and more efficient. As mentioned above, the Batch processing system is a huge contributor to increasing productivity. Having two ovens also helps in speeding up productivity. Lengthen the ovens by 25 feet, increased the rate of production by allowing more cookies to be baked at the same time. Automating the Packing Although automating the packing of the cookies in normally a quicker and more efficient way of doing business, it is my opinion the Lew-mark baking Company is doing the right thing by employing local workers to do this job. It is vitally important to create good relationship within the community. This allows a company to have a stake in the community and thus foster good relationships with the local government, political officials and members of the community. Fostering these types of relationships can also be beneficial when it comes to future plans or expansions. Plus, the company has an obligation to the workers once they are employed with the company. As longs as profits and the bottom line are healthy, it should keep its commitment to the community. This would hold true in a small or large community. It is the obligation of industry to keep workforce engagement in tact. As long as industry is alive, some sort of human engagement is needed. What factors cause Lew-mark to carry minimal amounts of certain inventories? What benefits results from this policy? Obviously, the shelf life of perishables (cookies) keeps companies like Lew-Mark from storing big quantities of cookies in the warehouse. The longer these cookies stay in the warehouse, the lower the possibility of being sold. In reading the text, Stevenson’s goes into great detail about the Single Period Model of Inventory Management. This Model is used for ordering perishables and other items with limited useful life. It is interesting how Lew mark keeps a smaller inventory of labels. Their rationale is that the FDA label requirements change frequently and they do not wan to get stuck with labels they cannot use. Most of their inventory is ordered in small silos two or three times a week to save on ordering cost. This type of inventory control favors smaller businesses as long as they can forecast their production with accuracy. This allows Lew-mark to only buy what they use and use what they buy. If production decreases, they buy less. If production increases, they buy more. In the case of Lew-Mark Baking Company, this type of inventory control makes sense. Quality There are advantageous and disadvantages in using a non additive and non preservative approach to selling products. The advantage is that you can target a more health conscious audience to your product. With all the health disparities facing the country, you can carve out a specific audience for these types of products. On the flip side, you have to race against the clock because these non additives and non preservative shorten the life of these perishable items. In other words, your selling approach needs to be more progressive in its nature Conclusion In conclusion, the Lew-Mark Baking Company has an excellent product available to its consumers. Its pitch to sell non additive non preservative cookies targets and audience that is looking for this type of product. Because of its size, Lew-mark capitalizes in efficiency by using very tight inventory controls and production processes that keeps the company financially conscious and fiscally responsible. Its sensitivity to the community also brings morale responsibility that is noted by many members of the community and abroad. The Companies Strategy is to create a product that is desirable to the consumer and delivering that product in a way that makes the best business sense to its owners. As a consumer, I prefer quality in the form of a soft cookie. Understanding that the cookie has non and non preservatives is a plus.

Effects of Cartoons on Children :: Television Entertainment Papers

Effects of Cartoons on Children Introduction: Effects of Cartoons on Children Children have become much more interested in cartoons over many years and it has become a primary action to some lives. Typically, children begin watching cartoons on television at an early age of six months, and by the age two or three children become enthusiastic viewers. This has become a problem because too many children are watching too much television and the shows that they are watching (even if they are cartoons) have become violent and addictive. The marketing of cartoons has become overpowering in the United States and so has the subliminal messaging. The marketing is targeted toward the children to cause them to want to view the cartoons on a regular basis, but the subliminal messaging is for the adults’ to target them into enjoying the â€Å"cartoons†. This is unfortunate because children watch the cartoons on the television and they see material that is not appropriate for their age group. The Children who watch too much cartoons on televi sion are more likely to have mental and emotional problems, along with brain and eye injuries and unexpectedly the risk of a physical problem increases. Mental and Psychological Effects of Children’s Cartoons Children have become much more interested in cartoons over many years and it has become a primary action to some lives. Typically, children begin watching cartoons on television at an early age of six months, and by the age two or three children become enthusiastic viewers. This has become a problem because too many children are watching too much television and the shows that they are watching (even if they are cartoons) have become violent and addictive. The marketing of cartoons has become overpowering in the United States and so has the subliminal messaging. The marketing is targeted toward the children to cause them to want to view the cartoons on a regular basis, but the subliminal messaging is for the adults’ to target them into enjoying the â€Å"cartoons†. This is unfortunate because children watch the cartoons on the television and they see material that is not appropriate for their age group. The Children who watch too much cartoons on television ar e more likely to have mental and emotional problems, along with brain and eye injuries and unexpectedly the risk of a physical problem increases.

Factors Influencing Unemployment Essay

According to economists, employment and unemployment results when the supply and demand for human resources or labour is out of balance. Supply and demand are influenced by a range of forces that are the result of the interaction of economic, structural and policy factors. Economic Factors Economic factors affect both the supply and demand sides of labour. Demand for goods and services stimulate production which, in turn, generates employment. The resulting demand for workers affects the supply side as more workers are attracted to a vibrant labour market. The market never reaches this ideal state of balance due to a number of factors. Business cycles  ¾ Agreement among economists is rare, but they do agree that market-driven economies move in cycles and it is during the dips that unemployment may result. The cause of cycles is not as clear, but it is generally agreed that it is a function of supply and demand. Industrial adjustment  ¾ Production may move from high wage countries to low wage countries, from old inefficient facilities to newer ones, and these leave a trail of unemployed workers. Not enough jobs  ¾ Shifts in the world economy affect job availability. Not enough jobs to go around can result from a declining manufacturing sector, a growing service sector, changing consumption patterns, technological developments, or third world competition. Hundreds of thousands of jobs have been lost in manufacturing and goods producing industries in Canada, while at the same time numerous jobs have been created in the technology and service sectors. Unfortunately, the creation of new jobs does not always make up for lost jobs, particularly when jobs overall move to low-wage countries. Structural factors Factors such as the aging of the population, labour force participation rates, migration patters, skills available/demanded, environmental regulations, technological change and the rate of job changes all the number of unemployed. A growing labour supply  ¾ Since 1981, Canada’s labour supply has grown more than anytime in its history. Women, persons with disabilities and Native peoples entered the labour force in growing numbers. Imbalance between skill supply and demand  ¾ This results in structural unemployment. People may not be able to take advantage of job opportunities because they lack the skills needed for the jobs available in their area. The matching of skills in demand with those available is a common and persistent cause of unemployment. Education and training  ¾ Companies continually complain that the literacy levels of the work force do not meet the skill needs of the economy. As Canada shifts to a more knowledge-based economy, the availability of jobs for those without high levels of education will shrink. Movement between jobs  ¾ Called frictional unemployment; this phenomenon simply refers to people who switch jobs. While they are between jobs, they are considered unemployed. Seasonal lay-off  ¾ People get laid off in seasonal occupations such as resource industries, construction, tourism and fisheries. Canada is particularly affected by this due to the nature of our economy. Cost of production and productivity  ¾ Low productivity may result from obsolete plant and equipment, high cost of labour per unit, high transportation costs, bad management, and high taxes. The value of the Canadian dollar relative to other currencies, particularly the US dollar, also has a major impact on the business costs and competitiveness. Technological changes  ¾ Increased automation may result in a decreased demand for labour. It can also result in skill redundancy where the original workers do not have the technological skills necessary in the new types of occupations. On the positive side, technological change can result in new products, new markets, or increased productivity. Internal migration  ¾ Rural to urban migration can increase unemployment until the moving people find jobs. Policy Factors Government policies continue to be used to affect the economic outcomes such as the rate of inflation, deficit levels, and international trade. This all affects employment levels. Interest rate and exchange rate policies  ¾ High interest rates to combat inflation increase the cost of doing business and increase the cost of financing the government deficits. This may lead to unemployment. The exchange rate policy of keeping the dollar artificially high may make Canadian products less competitive.

Implementation of Supply Chain Management Essay

Supply chain management is an oversight of processes when moving goods from the stage of customer order to the raw material stage and it includes the supply, production and distribution of products to the customer. Every organization has supply chain of different levels, depending upon their size and type of product they are manufacturing. Their aim is to provide the customer with enough information necessary to give the value that they demand and to gain the information regarding the customer too. The ultimate goal for any supply chain management is to reduce its inventory. For a successful supply chain, software systems are provided with web interfaces to provide the customer with enough information they demand. Hershey Foods Corporation and NIKE inc. are both very renowned organizations, one known for its food products and the other for athletic footwear, equipment and accessories for sports and fitness activities. Both of these organizations adopted supply chain management systems in order to lower down their inventories and to increase their profit. But both of them failed in achieving their objective which was to reduce the inventories. The main mistake made by Hershey Food Corporation was, that they hired a supply chain system costing $112 million from SAP AG, Manugistics, and Siebel systems. The supply chain system was supposed to put in data of everything from production to delivery. But getting software from three different providers created unpredicted delays and complex problems in implementation. Also, another mistake made by the organization was that they implemented the whole system at once instead of in stages. So therefore they faced problems in placing the orders and then executing them to warehouse for fulfillment. The problem faced by NIKE, inc. was a bit more complex, as said by 12 technologies marketing Chief Katrina Roche â€Å"NIKE problems were not tied to the software but to the way the software was installed. † (Sridharan, Caines, & Patterson, 2005) Moreover he says that his company accepts the responsibility for â€Å"not being more aggressive in telling them that they needed to follow our implementation methodology. † (Sridharan, Caines, & Patterson, 2005) 12 technologies wanted to track each and every little product of NIKE which made the job more complex and therefore it took their time more than they had expected. The NIKE people made the same mistake as Hershey foods, that they implemented the system before they were ready to execute it. (Sridharan, Caines, & Patterson, 2005) So overall at initial stage supply chain systems were a bad experience for Hershey Foods and NIKE, Inc. There are certain things which if the company would have followed then hopefully the things must have been the other way round. First of all only one supply chain system provider must be hired for the software, as more than one supply chain systems for same job results in failure. Then provider’s implementation methodology is very important for client to follow in supply chain systems especially when they are modified to suit client’s requirement. More over supply chain systems are very complex as they have to track over numbers of product varieties so therefore it must be implemented in stages rather than executing it at once. And if the company is switching from one system to another then first the system should be tested in order to check whether it is fulfilling the company’s requirements or not. ?

Roman Plebeian Tribune Definition

Roman Plebeian Tribune Definition The Plebeian Tribune- or tribuni plebis- is also known as the tribune of the people or the tribune of the plebs. The plebeian tribune had no military function  but was strictly a powerful political office. The Tribune had the power to help the people, a function called ius auxilii. The body of the plebeian was sacrosanct. The Latin term for this power is sacrosancta potestas. He also had the power of the veto. The number of plebeian tribunes varied. It is believed there were originally only 2, for a short time, after which there were 5. By 457 B.C., there were 10. The Plebeians Secede The office of plebeian tribune was created in 494 B.C., after the First Secession of the Plebeians. In addition to the two new plebeian tribunes, the plebeians were allowed two plebeian aediles. The election of Plebeian Tribune, from 471, after the passage of the lex Publilia Voleronis, was by a council of plebeians presided over by a plebeian tribune. When the plebeians seceded in 494, the patricians granted them the right of having tribunes with greater power than the patrician tribal heads. These tribunes of the plebs (plebeian tribunes) were powerful figures in Romes Republican government, with the right of veto and more. A patrician, Claudius Pulcher had himself adopted by a plebeian branch of his family so he could run for the office of plebeian tribune under the plebeian name of Clodius. Source A Companion to Latin Studies, by J.E. Sandys

7 things to do if you want to work abroad

7 things to do if you want to work abroad There are a number of ways to get a job overseas, but most of them require lots of planning. Before you hop a plane to Bali or Paris to scout local job opportunities on your own, there a few factors and opportunities to consider to help you get the most out of working abroad. 1. Start your job search before you go abroadWhile it may seem adventurous or romantic to go exploring the world, there’s a lot of research that has to go into creating a financially feasible plan. Landing a job is different than bumming around Europe with a backpack. While it can have similar benefits like language and cultural immersion, finding short-term and long-term work is much different than your average vacation. It may be as simple as defining your search delimiters on the right job site, to much more targeted, like seeking out the job ads that are in local news websites from your desired location or networking among friends and alumni organizations. Depending on your financial situation and ult imate goals for working abroad, lining up the job beforehand is almost always better than going broke for a month while you try to find opportunities locally.2. Nail down all paperwork well in advanceThere’s one tricky thing you don’t worry about in your average job search in your home country: work permits. Technically, you can just show up and live for a few weeks in another country, but if you find a job, you’ll need to know how to get a work permit. In many countries the work permit application may need to be approved before you arrive. Oftentimes a company procures a work permit for you for a particular job. You may also need to have a residency permit. Thus, changing jobs while you’re overseas comes with an added complication: new work permit applications. There are also different types of visas, like a working holiday visa (for those between the ages of 18 to 35) and temporary work visas which are offered to American citizens by some countries like Canada and the UK for several months. Whether you’re considering long-term or short-term work, it’s best to set up your work permits before you pack up and move – even before you buy a plane ticket (because your plane ticket can be revoked without the proper documents set in place.)3. Know you might have to deal with low-paid workThe tradeoff, for most overseas opportunities, is of course money. There are countless opportunities for volunteering and internships world-wide with various reputable organizations. Students can often take advantage of internships during study abroad programs. Joining the Peace Corps, an another example, will take you places and use your skills to serve an impoverished community abroad. This is good experience to broaden your horizons and for your resume, but this type of opportunity is one you have to weigh against your current financial stressors. The Peace Corps provides language training, cultural immersion by living with a host f amily, a monthly living allowance and paid airfare. There is also no age limit to joining the Peace Corps, but you must be over 18.4. Brush up on your teaching skillsYou may have hated high school English but being able to teach English is one of those â€Å"needed skills† for many countries when you’re applying for a work visa. If you don’t want to teach long-term but do want to remain in a foreign country, you can consider a teaching job as your foot in the door to find other local job opportunities. There are many teaching placement programs that can get you started, though some require prior experience.5. Consider global company opportunitiesEven applying for a position at a global company could get you to the place you want to be eventually. This is perhaps the lengthiest way to find a job overseas, but also one of the most financially stable. Search for travel opportunities within your current organization. Business trips are a short-term way to get you to feed the travel bug, get paid to do it, and not worry about establishing residency in a foreign country. But you never know when your organization may be opening new positions overseas. Keep an eye out for these internal hiring opportunities.6. Find a job that will always go abroadIf you’re just starting in your career or looking to change careers to one that brings you more travel opportunities, there are a number of fields that offer the travel-driven a regular influx of travel opportunities. Jobs in tourism and leisure, travel writing, and working for an international airline are perhaps the most obvious. But there are other less-obvious choices that require you to work globally like a job in geophysics, archeology, and many government jobs in foreign affairs.7. Study up on your potential new cityDiving into a new culture can be exciting, but you should definitely try to learn a bit before you go. Brush up on local politics, read cultural histories, try to learn from a ph rasebook, and get a sense of the local customs. If you’re looking for a particular metro area, research what potential companies you could work for in the area. Any new job will have its own new â€Å"culture,† but working abroad may bring new facets you haven’t anticipated. If you’re primarily motivated to work abroad by a spirit of learning and adventure, then you’re already in the right spirit.

Literature review chapter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literature review chapter - Essay Example The development of private enterprises have shown growth over the last few decades, this expansion in the private sector is attributed to the benefits that privatization brings along (Dahel, 2001). The contribution of people towards Gross Domestic Product (GDP) generation is maximized through privatization. The margin of innovation becomes broader, and companies may define their policies according to their status.The freedom of decision making has been supportive towards the idea of privatization. Privatization seems to be an appropriate policy for increasing quality and variety in telecommunication industry. In 1992, the Kuwait Investment Authority began 3 phases plan of privatization. The aim of this initiative was to reconstruct the economy, and minimize the dependence on revenue generated by oil. The policy of privatization was devised in such a manner that it could entertain domestic as well as foreign investor. The five different methods that were employed by the Kuwait Investment Authority include Sale of Government Shares, General Tendering, Management Contracts, Lease Arrangement, and Cooperation with the Government. However, privatization is not a compulsion efficient provision of services(Doh, 2000). Heracleous (1999) studied the case of Singapore, and analyzed its public owned telecommunication sector that offers the quality of services according to the world standards. Further, Heracleous (1999) has dichotomized the debate of ownership, and its effects on the performance of an organization. The management team of an organization is authorized by the owners to manage the affairs, therefore, it does not matter who owns the company, as far as the administration of the organization is making the right decisions (Heracleous, 1999). Heracleous (1999) reveals important aspects of the privatization debate in the telecommunications industry. By discussing the unique and

International Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Marketing - Assignment Example It was started in 1940 by Dick and Mac McDonald as the drive-in McDonald’s Bar-B-Q restaurant in California, with the current restaurant format debuting in 1948 at the same location. In 1949, it introduced its legendary French Fries and Triple Thick Milkshakes. In 1954, the company franchised for the first time through Ray Kroc, which marked the beginning of rapid expansion of its business. In just four years, it expanded from 100 outlets in 1959 to 500 outlets in 1963. It went public in 1965 and began international operations in Canada in 1967. By 1983, McDonald’s operated 7778 outlets and as of 2011, it operates 34000 outlets in 118 countries around the world, of which 80% are franchised (McDonald’s, 2013a; McDonald’s, 2013b). It has 1.8 million employees and is listed in all major stock exchanges such as, NYSE and LSE (NYSE Euronext, 2012; London Stock Exchange plc, 2013). McDonald’s offers a variety of products in its home country of U.S such as , hamburgers, sandwiches, wraps, fried chicken items, salads, oatmeal breakfast, burritos, hotcakes, French fries, coffee, smoothies, yogurt, milkshakes, juices, ice cream, pies and cookies. Most of the products are available worldwide, with a few exceptions. On the other hand, it offers regional products in various countries that are not available in the U.S. Some of the country-specific products include McArabia wrap in the Middle East, McSpicy Paneer burger in India and Bubur Ayam chicken porridge in Indonesia (McDonald’s, 2013c; McDonald’s, 2013d; McDonald'sâ„ ¢ India, 2013a; McDonald's Indonesia, 2013). Rationale behind internationalization Since its inception, profit maximization was one of the prime motives of the business model, besides gaining maximum market share and attaining a vast service network. Throughout its history, McDonald’s Corporation received a hugely positive reception and enjoyed a virtually competition-free environment during its gro wth, with the only direct competitor being White Castle that operated since 1921. The global influence of U.S. and the American culture being perceived as the right way of life also triggered a positive brand image of the company outside U.S., even before it began international operations. Thus, the rationale behind internationalization of McDonald’s Corporation can be summarized as profit maximization, market share maximization, making good use of the positive brand image created internationally and gaining first mover’s advantage in foreign countries. Today, the company operates in 118 countries and is considered as a symbol of American culture (McDonald’s, 2013a; White Castle Management Co., 2013). Mode of entry in foreign countries The different modes of entry that are available to a company are exporting products and distributing through a regional outlet, contracting another company to set up the complete business infrastructure for the entering company in exchange for a fee (known as a turn-key project), teaming up with a local partner to jointly share investments and profits (known as joint

Blood composition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Blood composition - Essay Example The latter are responsible for giving rise to the blood cells. The mixed myeloid progenitor cells differentiate into the colony forming units (CFU), which ultimately give rise to a particular type of the blood cell. Erythroid cells form the red blood cells which are responsible for carrying hemoglobin and transport oxygen. The white blood cells include monocytes and granulocytes. Monocytes circulate in the blood for some time and then migrate to the tissues to take part in the inflammatory reactions. Three types of granulocytes circulate in the blood, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Neutrophils are the most common among the three. They serve to protect against the infections as they recognize and destroy the foreign antigens. Eosinophils account for 1-6% of the circulating WBCs and are responsible for eliciting allergic reactions and also fight against Platyhelminthes and protozoa. Basophils are involved in hypersensitivity reactions by interacting with IgE antibody. Platelet s arise from megakaryocytes and after activation form fibrin plugs to control abnormal

The House on the Lagoon by Rosario Ferre Essay Example for Free

The House on the Lagoon by Rosario Ferre Essay Rosario Ferre is one of the most noted and famous Puerto Rican writers who have made their mark in the world of literature. Her books illustrate the political and social conditions of her native land. In this paper, we attempt to review and understand her book ‘The House on the Lagoon’ which is extremely famous and provides an interesting insight into the Puerto Rican conditions and the views of the writer as a supporter of feminism.   Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe house on the Lagoon’ was nominated for the National Book Award in 1995. The story revolves around Isabel and Quintin Mendizabal who are a quintessential Puerto Rican couple belonging to the privileged section of this society. The wife, Isabel, has a streak of independence and she feels suffocated in the typically bourgeois environment. She wishes to fulfill her long cherished dream of becoming a famous writer. For the fulfillment of this dream she decides to write a novel based on the life and family history of her husband and herself. However, the husband suddenly discovers the less than flattering description of his family that his wife wishes to make public by getting it published. He is obviously shaken and tries to alter the version that his wife has written in order to make it more appreciative of his family.   The story appears to be simple on the surface. However, while reading it, so many undercurrents appear that it becomes a delightful experience to discover the countless nuances. Many special features and styles of writing adorn the book. The most famous, the most talked about and perhaps the most exciting is the concept of two distinct narrative voices. In the beginning, the book proceeds as a simple family history being retold by a woman. However, a few chapters into the book, suddenly we discover that the narration switches over to the woman’s husband Quintin, who discovers that his wife is writing a novel. Surprises do not cease here. We are treated to another surprise as we discover that the book we are reading i.e. ‘The House on the Lagoon’ is the book that the husband is so incensed on finding. Thereon the narrative continues to switch from Quintin to Isabel and vice versa and this turns out to have far reaching consequences on the novel as a whole.   The double narrative allows for a more democratic unfolding of the story than a single narrative. It allows us to find out Quintin’s reactions to his wife’s narration of his family history. It puts in more animation into a mundane story of family history. Their arguments keep the narration alive and keep the reader guessing at reality and the next sequence of events. Also, there is a marked difference in the ways Quintin and Isabel approach the novel. Quintin, as we are told, has been a student of history in Columbia. To him, misinterpretation of facts and misinterpretation of history is a gross error and in addition, he is extremely embarrassed by the way his family is portrayed in a bad light by his wife. On the other hand, Isabel feels that her main objective is to gain literary fame and she is not concerned with being historically, socially or politically correct. While reading the book, we are thus treated to Isabel’s views and then we read her husband’s comments and views on her writing. This allows for a multiple perspective presentation and the nature of characters becomes more engrossing than the story that they are both trying to tell in their own way.   It has been argued that the dual narrative serves certain higher purposes than simply telling us the dual viewpoints on the story. The dual narrative has been construed as a metaphor for colonization[1]. Rosario’s books usually deal with the conflicts plaguing her native land Puerto Rico, the major one being whether to remain independent or become a part of the US. In the book, through dual narrative, Rosario attempts to bring out this conflict. Isabel, the writer’s alter ego, represents Puerto Rico while her husband represents the dominating influence of the US. Thus multiple perspectives enable the writer to demonstrate Puerto Rico’s quest for identity and her constant struggle against foreign dominance.   Another interesting characteristic of the book is the imagery that is used to illustrate certain finer points[2]. Right from the first scene, where there is a confrontation between the boy serenading Isabel and her fiancà © Quintin, we have a glimpse into the strong characters that we will encounter further on in the book. It also illustrates that Quintin has a violent streak. The relationships between the characters are brought out later in the book. Especially evident is the marital discord between Quintin and Isabel over the issue of her novel which Quintin feels paints his family black. Later in the book, we are provided with another extremely vivid scene which portrays the reason why Isabel is so haunted by her past. Isabel’s mother was forced to have an abortion by her grandmother. This abortion was probably botched and the description of the scene from the child’s point of view sends shivers down the readers’ spine. The gory details such as the pool of blood, the unconscious mother and the dropping of the doll are all images which haunt the reader as much as they must have haunted the young girl. It not only tells us of Isabel’s miserable past but also provides us an understanding of the person she is in the present and why. It also helps us to identify with her dream of making it big as she wishes to escape the drudgery that her female ancestors went through.   Also noteworthy in the novel is the daydreams that Isabel indulges herself with. Her past is so woebegone that she tries to absorb herself in passionate pursuits of her dreams and reveries. These reveries lull us into a false sense of security until the silence before the storm breaks with a shattering incident. This sense of the unexpected renders the narrative far from banal. The most interesting of her happiness and indulgence appears towards the end of the story when she enrolls into a ballet school to fulfill her passion. This dream, like that of becoming a famous writer, reveals Isabel’s desire for fame. She enjoys her dancing lessons immensely and we are again forced to expect some happiness coming her way. However, our hopes are shattered brutally by the public display of pedophilia as the curtain opens at the wrong time during her stage performance. Again, Isabel finds herself abused and unhappy. The ending of the story is thus somewhat tragic and in sync with the mood of the whole story.   In conclusion, it must be said that a subject as ordinary as the relation of family history is made extraordinary by the excellent style of Rosario Ferre and her unique writing style including the double narratives, the imagery and the reveries. Her strong characters help us understand human psyche and also provide insight into the actual political and social problems of Puerto Rico through the characters. In the end, the novel turns out to be more than a story of marital discord or a narration of family history. It helps us to understand history, politics, sociology, psychology and also literature. Few novels are able to achieve such high purpose. WORKS CITED â€Å"The House on the Lagoon†, Luke Lecheler, http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Critique/review_fiction/house_on_the_lagoon_the_by_rosario_ferre.html â€Å"Rosario Ferre † http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Bios/entries/ferre_rosario.html â€Å"Reading Guide: The House On the lagoon†, Penguin Group USA, http://us.penguingroup.com/static/rguides/us/house_on_the_lagoon.html [1] â€Å"Rosario Ferre † http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Bios/entries/ferre_rosario.html [2] â€Å"The House on the Lagoon†, Luke Lecheler,   http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg/Critique/review_fiction/house_on_the_lagoon_the_by_rosario_ferre.html

Frederick Douglass :: essays research papers

Frederick Douglass asserts that he, as an adolescent "understood the pathway from slavery to freedom" upon his comprehension of English reading. To contemporary audiences, this may be a hard concept to grasp, an individual reared from birth as a slave understanding the significance of literacy and equating such with freedom. His cognition of this enormous concept can be explained as such: by breaking the literacy barrier, Douglass raised his status (symbolically) from a subhuman, slave status, to human, a White equal. Because all humans are entitled to certain rights, his symbolic progression from slave to human affords those rights, in particular the right to freedom. Slaves were forbidden to read and slave owners were forbidden to teach slaves to read and write. The existence of such a restriction on educating slaves is proof that the slaveholders felt a need to suppress the capabilities of slaves. As a slave, Douglass was given the opportunity to learn and elevate his status only to have all that, including the invitation to join "high" society snatched away. Such a tease and broken promise of a better day proved to be more than Douglass could bear. He devoted each of his idle moments to mastering the language arts. In addition, as if mastering it were not enough, Douglass meticulously educated other slaves in the English language of reading and writing. Douglass' action was indicative of the significance found in literacy. If he had not put literacy at such high esteem, he would not have taken the time to continue his education and persuade others to pursue theirs. Douglass knew first hand that education was a effective tool of empowe rment especially to slaves—those who had spent their lives without any power. This separation of man from education was a control issue and reclaiming control meant education one's self and his or her peers. Through educating his peers, Douglass demonstrated his knowledge of the underlying power in literacy. Douglass practiced not only reading but also writing his English language.

Reconstruction Dbq

The Civil War was one of the most difficult and trying times during American history. The war ended with the the Union and Confederate states torn apart over one major issue: slavery. With the end of the Civil War came the end of slavery in the United States. Although the former black slaves were now free, they had no land and very few rights, and most did not even have family. Though out reconstruction, blacks were able to gain rights, but were continuously repressed by the white Southerners. The only way to truly enfranchise the former slaves was by effectively disenfranchising their former masters.The reign the masters had over their former slaves disabled the slaves from trying to fulfill their lives as equal American citizens. In most cases, the blacks of American were granted certain freedoms and then were taken away or oppressed by the whites. The former plantation and slave owners were not receptive to treating the blacks as their fellow counterparts. As Reconstruction began to start in the United States, the question of how the Southern states would be welcomed back into the Union begged at the issue. Reconstruction started to become a struggle between the executive and legislative branches.Radical Republicans, such as Thaddeus Stevens, wanted to approach Reconstruction from a military prospective because they were seeking revenge and felt the South needed to be taught a lesson because of the havoc and damage that they imposed on the Union (Document A). On the other hand, Andrew Johnson wanted to take a more moderate approach to reconstruction in order to quickly reincorporate the Southern states into the Union. To be allowed back into the Union, as per Andrew Johnson’s plan of reconstruction, the Southern states had to, among many other terms, agree to the 13th Constitutional Amendment that recognized the freedom of blacks.Many blacks felt that they knew their previous masters best and argued that although the states would agree to the recognit ion of 13th amendment, it was only â€Å"lip deep† (Document C). They also argued that the only way to really make the Southerners see the blacks as their equals was with the assistance of the federal government to put military reconstruction into place (Document C). The first Reconstruction act was passed in March 2nd, 1867 and divided the South into five military districts, each under a major general (Document I).In each of these districts, freed males slaves were granted suffrage. This act also offered readmission to the Union if the states ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, which would grant citizenship and civil liberties to all people born or naturalized in the United States. The Fourteenth Amendment was another step toward black equality and secured the rights of the former slaves (Document H). Although blacks were now allowed to vote, whites in the South would use severe intimidation tactics in order to oppress the newly acquired rights of the blacks.Voting is one of the most basic rights of an American citizen, so it would seem that the right to vote for all would equate peace and happiness between the whites and blacks (Document F). The idea of a master seeing his former slave at the same voting polls was an belligerent concept. During this time period, it seemed that the only way for the blacks to have their rights without being oppressed was to disenfranchise the whites. Even though the blacks were released from slavery, the whites still used tactics to keep the blacks in order beneath them.The Black Codes were created to make a cheap labor source for the South. Blacks would be arrested for vagrancy and judged by a jury that consisted of white men; blacks still could not serve on a jury at this time, still displaying that blacks did not receive full rights of white citizens. Thus, blacks would always be convicted by the jury of whites who wanted to ensure a labor force. Once convicted, the blacks were put on farms to work. Blacks would also have to pay a penalty if they were jumping contracts and moving from plantation to plantation; they could not leave the plantation.The whites were basically creating a â€Å"legal† system of slavery, which undermined the blacks newly acquired rights as a free citizen. Andrew Johnson would soon prove to be the oppressor in the fight for black equality during the time of reconstruction in the United States. First, the distribution of land was being brought about by a reconstruction-made institution, known as the Freedmen’s Bureau. The Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, clothing, education, and land to the blacks. By June 1865, the Bureau had settled nearly 10,000 black families on their own land, which was abandoned plantations.Just as the blacks were coming into and accepting their new freedom, the Southern white plantation owners were returning and demanding the return of their land. Andrew Johnson would support their demands and the government would eventually re turn all of the land. Just by this instance, it was proved that the whites in the South had tremendous control over the blacks and the government seemed to be supporting them. The North actually feared the potential power of the South in the most recent events of oppression (Document G). Andrew Johnson was also presented with the newly created Reconstruction Amendments, all of which he vetoed.Although he was overridden by Congress, this shows how the â€Å"white men† has once again oppressed the blacks. Also, Andrew Johnson would soon pull the institution of the Freedmen’s Bureau. This was once again preventing the blacks from bettering themselves as individuals and accepting their new rights and freedoms as citizens of the United States. Tensions ran extremely high between the whites and blacks that it started to become deadly. Hate groups were beginning to form in order to undermine the blacks where they were the majority. The most prevalent hate group was the Ku Klu x Klan.These groups policed themselves in groups around voting polls in order to keep the blacks from exercising their rights given to them in the Fifteenth Amendment. The treatment these hate groups, including the Knights of the White Camellia, oppressed the blacks from exercising the most basic of their civil rights and began to return them to their previous way of life. The hatred and means to put the blacks down was beginning to become incredible because the whites did not want to see blacks become their equals and wanted no help or interaction with their former chattel (Document B).Segregation in the South was becoming more relevant during the time of Reconstruction. At first, there were public areas, such as schools, that accepted both black and white children. Even with such established integrated public places, white Southerners still refused to send their children to school with black children. The court case Plessy v. Ferguson made the term â€Å"separate but equal† sanctified in Supreme Court. This means that black and white accommodations had to be equal, but permitted to be separated.This case also established the Jim Crow Laws, which made the segregation of the races possible. In all reality, although Plessy v. Ferguson determined that black and white accommodations were separate but equal, the accommodations of the whites were of higher standards than those of the former slaves. The segregated and racist mindset of the whites in the South made it hard for the former slaves to make any progress because every step the African Americans took toward securing their civil liberties, the whites were there to take a stand against them by any means.Fredrick Douglass believe that all people in the South could live together in peace if the South merely cooperated (Document D). The Election of 1876 would be the death of Radical Reconstruction. After a discrepancy with the votes in the election, a compromise was made that would make Republican Rutherf ord B. Hayes the presidential winner. The victory of the Republican party would then mean that the Union army must pull out of the five Southern regions. Thus, the Freedmen are now turned away from by the Radical Republicans and are left for the Southerners to handle.The Southern whites will continue to oppress the former slaves and will try to take away every right they have come to gain. The only way for the Freemen to become rich with their civil rights and able to express them would be to take the opportunities away from the whites to oppress them. If the oppression of the blacks by the whites is continuously ignored, then it will be impossible for the blacks to even become completely equal with the whites among them. Reconstruction Dbq The Civil War was one of the most difficult and trying times during American history. The war ended with the the Union and Confederate states torn apart over one major issue: slavery. With the end of the Civil War came the end of slavery in the United States. Although the former black slaves were now free, they had no land and very few rights, and most did not even have family. Though out reconstruction, blacks were able to gain rights, but were continuously repressed by the white Southerners. The only way to truly enfranchise the former slaves was by effectively disenfranchising their former masters.The reign the masters had over their former slaves disabled the slaves from trying to fulfill their lives as equal American citizens. In most cases, the blacks of American were granted certain freedoms and then were taken away or oppressed by the whites. The former plantation and slave owners were not receptive to treating the blacks as their fellow counterparts. As Reconstruction began to start in the United States, the question of how the Southern states would be welcomed back into the Union begged at the issue. Reconstruction started to become a struggle between the executive and legislative branches.Radical Republicans, such as Thaddeus Stevens, wanted to approach Reconstruction from a military prospective because they were seeking revenge and felt the South needed to be taught a lesson because of the havoc and damage that they imposed on the Union (Document A). On the other hand, Andrew Johnson wanted to take a more moderate approach to reconstruction in order to quickly reincorporate the Southern states into the Union. To be allowed back into the Union, as per Andrew Johnson’s plan of reconstruction, the Southern states had to, among many other terms, agree to the 13th Constitutional Amendment that recognized the freedom of blacks.Many blacks felt that they knew their previous masters best and argued that although the states would agree to the recognit ion of 13th amendment, it was only â€Å"lip deep† (Document C). They also argued that the only way to really make the Southerners see the blacks as their equals was with the assistance of the federal government to put military reconstruction into place (Document C). The first Reconstruction act was passed in March 2nd, 1867 and divided the South into five military districts, each under a major general (Document I).In each of these districts, freed males slaves were granted suffrage. This act also offered readmission to the Union if the states ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, which would grant citizenship and civil liberties to all people born or naturalized in the United States. The Fourteenth Amendment was another step toward black equality and secured the rights of the former slaves (Document H). Although blacks were now allowed to vote, whites in the South would use severe intimidation tactics in order to oppress the newly acquired rights of the blacks.Voting is one of the most basic rights of an American citizen, so it would seem that the right to vote for all would equate peace and happiness between the whites and blacks (Document F). The idea of a master seeing his former slave at the same voting polls was an belligerent concept. During this time period, it seemed that the only way for the blacks to have their rights without being oppressed was to disenfranchise the whites. Even though the blacks were released from slavery, the whites still used tactics to keep the blacks in order beneath them.The Black Codes were created to make a cheap labor source for the South. Blacks would be arrested for vagrancy and judged by a jury that consisted of white men; blacks still could not serve on a jury at this time, still displaying that blacks did not receive full rights of white citizens. Thus, blacks would always be convicted by the jury of whites who wanted to ensure a labor force. Once convicted, the blacks were put on farms to work. Blacks would also have to pay a penalty if they were jumping contracts and moving from plantation to plantation; they could not leave the plantation.The whites were basically creating a â€Å"legal† system of slavery, which undermined the blacks newly acquired rights as a free citizen. Andrew Johnson would soon prove to be the oppressor in the fight for black equality during the time of reconstruction in the United States. First, the distribution of land was being brought about by a reconstruction-made institution, known as the Freedmen’s Bureau. The Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, clothing, education, and land to the blacks. By June 1865, the Bureau had settled nearly 10,000 black families on their own land, which was abandoned plantations.Just as the blacks were coming into and accepting their new freedom, the Southern white plantation owners were returning and demanding the return of their land. Andrew Johnson would support their demands and the government would eventually re turn all of the land. Just by this instance, it was proved that the whites in the South had tremendous control over the blacks and the government seemed to be supporting them. The North actually feared the potential power of the South in the most recent events of oppression (Document G). Andrew Johnson was also presented with the newly created Reconstruction Amendments, all of which he vetoed.Although he was overridden by Congress, this shows how the â€Å"white men† has once again oppressed the blacks. Also, Andrew Johnson would soon pull the institution of the Freedmen’s Bureau. This was once again preventing the blacks from bettering themselves as individuals and accepting their new rights and freedoms as citizens of the United States. Tensions ran extremely high between the whites and blacks that it started to become deadly. Hate groups were beginning to form in order to undermine the blacks where they were the majority. The most prevalent hate group was the Ku Klu x Klan.These groups policed themselves in groups around voting polls in order to keep the blacks from exercising their rights given to them in the Fifteenth Amendment. The treatment these hate groups, including the Knights of the White Camellia, oppressed the blacks from exercising the most basic of their civil rights and began to return them to their previous way of life. The hatred and means to put the blacks down was beginning to become incredible because the whites did not want to see blacks become their equals and wanted no help or interaction with their former chattel (Document B).Segregation in the South was becoming more relevant during the time of Reconstruction. At first, there were public areas, such as schools, that accepted both black and white children. Even with such established integrated public places, white Southerners still refused to send their children to school with black children. The court case Plessy v. Ferguson made the term â€Å"separate but equal† sanctified in Supreme Court. This means that black and white accommodations had to be equal, but permitted to be separated.This case also established the Jim Crow Laws, which made the segregation of the races possible. In all reality, although Plessy v. Ferguson determined that black and white accommodations were separate but equal, the accommodations of the whites were of higher standards than those of the former slaves. The segregated and racist mindset of the whites in the South made it hard for the former slaves to make any progress because every step the African Americans took toward securing their civil liberties, the whites were there to take a stand against them by any means.Fredrick Douglass believe that all people in the South could live together in peace if the South merely cooperated (Document D). The Election of 1876 would be the death of Radical Reconstruction. After a discrepancy with the votes in the election, a compromise was made that would make Republican Rutherf ord B. Hayes the presidential winner. The victory of the Republican party would then mean that the Union army must pull out of the five Southern regions. Thus, the Freedmen are now turned away from by the Radical Republicans and are left for the Southerners to handle.The Southern whites will continue to oppress the former slaves and will try to take away every right they have come to gain. The only way for the Freemen to become rich with their civil rights and able to express them would be to take the opportunities away from the whites to oppress them. If the oppression of the blacks by the whites is continuously ignored, then it will be impossible for the blacks to even become completely equal with the whites among them.

Riordan Manufacturing Legal Review

Riordan Manufacturing Legal Review Cody Morse BSA310 10/29/12 Morris Polston Riordan Manufacturing Legal Review Upon reviewing Riordan Manufacturing’s legal section I found the page to be devoid of any information regarding to current business system. However, the page does detail the relationship between Riordan Manufacturing and their legal partners, Litteral & Finkel, who have been legal representatives of Riordan Manufacturing since the company’s founding.Litteral & Finkel are global but lack an office in China to directly assist Riordan Manufacturing on its legal matters regarding their future expansion into Shanghai. The Legal page contributes information regarding the board of directors and the basic governing policies regarding it. Litteral and Finkel have stated that they can send attornies from their closest offices to help aide Riordan Manufacturing should the need arise.Although this is helpful and most useful it would be great to see a virtual meeting syste m incorporated into the communication between both parties (Apollo Group, Inc. , 2012). It is would recommend that both Riordan Manufacturing and Litteral & Finkel, invest in the implementation of a virtual meeting software such as Citrix Go-to-meeting. This would allow for face to face video communication regarding legal matters and would also facilitate realtime document sharing between the parties.An issue with security has also been found during the review. A memorandum was marked confidential however it was protected by any incription. We can see no security measures to protect information internally or externally. It is our recommendation that firewalls be added to all locations to protect from outside interference. It would also be wise to start using a program like Bitlocker on all hard drives. Works Cited Apollo Group, Inc. (2012). Legal. Retrieved 10 20, 2012, from Riordan Manufacturing: