Thursday, August 27, 2020

Career Development Plan Essay Example for Free

Profession Development Plan Essay The ongoing merger of InterClean and EnviroTech (ICET) has opened numerous open doors for representative advancements. With an end goal to invigorate our workers, center around their quality and gifts, and show them new abilities that will aid our general achievement, the executives has chosen to patch up the way training’s been done in the past by actualizing another preparation execution design. Our new preparing module will concentrate on sanitation gauges, correspondence, client assistance and fulfillment and systems administration. The program will comprise of 9 stages that will enter in on industry information. The preparation arrangement will comprise of new preparing assessment and tutoring needs, center around destinations of preparing and coaching, looking into execution guidelines, break down conveyance techniques, inspect substance for preparing and tutoring, address time spans and assessment strategies, input, and finally investigate elective roads for additional turn of events. When this program is executed, we accept our representatives will build up a mastery in their individual regions that will have a positive effect in ICET’s authoritative intensity, execution and efficiency. The new preparing and coaching needs The new preparing organization will affect the way ICET works together. The focal point of the new multi week preparing will be to encourage our business relates about sanitation guidelines, correspondence, client support and fulfillment and systems administration. Each progression in the new preparing arrangement will assist us with achieving by and large achievement that will profit the representative and our organization too. Be that as it may, preparing alone won't offer one on one recreation. Subsequently, we are executing a tutoring program that will give representatives openness to learn and work with coaches that have explicit information about intrigued zones for a time of half year to guarantee balanced working information from key specialists. Destinations of the preparation and coaching program The target of preparing will be fundamental to achieve future achievement. In this way, the primary target will be to find out about the sanitation guidelines and guidelines with the goal that we will be all around educated as we traverse into human services administration arrangements. The second target we will concentrate on is correspondence. The key fixations will tune in, and wanting to accomplish viable dynamic. The third target will be client support and fulfillment as identified with individual consideration and quality assistance and ultimately the fourth target will be on the significance of systems administration to assemble associations with key industry contacts. Concerning the tutoring program our center will be to join all the previously mentioned over that will mix with our new coaching program. This will permit representatives to concentrate on their particular vocation advancement objectives they might want to achieve inside the association by working aside once per week for half year time frame with a tutor that is a specialist in the picked region. Execution gauges The presentation guidelines will be evaluated dependent on work job desires. The markers for instance in deals will be founded on income created. This will be estimated by what number of deals bargains were shut and the kind of items. Market reconciliation or extension likewise be estimated. Here the capacity to discover new point of view client or even traverse into different sorts of social insurance organizations, for example, nursing homes or clinical recoveries will be taken into assessed and ultimately client maintenance dependent on quality client care and input will likewise be thought of. We feel all desires will be sensible and achievable once preparing is finished. Conveyance strategies Delivery techniques are fundamental when preparing is being actualized. The center is to keep the learner intrigued and incorporated during preparing. Accordingly, we will concentrate on three preparing techniques; trial, integrative and support. For sanitation measures we will prepare with truth sheets, recordings as well as flyer and booklets. This will fall under the support strategies. For the correspondence goals, we will utilize productions since it will show the student genuine recreations which can be studied to help improve and fine change any territory that need improvement. This conveyance strategy will fall under the exploratory technique. With respect to the client care objective, we will utilize exchange. This will permit the learner to take part and improve their conveyance when meeting a client as well as finalizing the negotiation. This style will fall under the integrative techniques and ultimately we will utilize organizing by means of shows and additionally meetings so the learner can associate with different business experts. Concerning the coaching program we will offer up close and personal collaboration once week by week with master guides by region. Content for preparing and coaching To accomplish the best results for ICET, we accept the substance of the preparation program ought to be firmly related tot to our business system and hierarchical objectives. Along these lines we will assess the aptitude and capacity of workers that best match the open positions. This will be finished by assessing experience, specialist, and word related necessities. For instance, experience will assessed dependent on previous preparing, experience, accreditations or licenses. Laborer necessities will be founded on essential abilities, cross useful aptitudes, information and instruction and in conclusion word related prerequisite will be measure by general work exercises, work and authoritative substance (Cascio 2005). Time span Setting reasonable time periods for representatives to be prepared appropriately is a significant piece of an effective preparing and tutoring program. Framing new propensities or learning new techniques take times which is the reason we have concluded that workers will get multi week preparing so they feel completely accustomed and agreeable when they are out on the field. With respect to the coaching program, we have chosen to cause it a multi month program since we to feel so as to acknowledge and genuinely learn hands on the representative ought to be presented to the day by day schedules of the guide. When the worker gets a decent handle of each area during the designated preparing time, we accept they will be persuaded and keep on building up their aptitudes by means of applied experience they achieve while working. Assessment techniques A decent assessment will frequently utilize various strategies in light of the fact that a balanced target choice can be documented. In this manner, we have concluded that we will assess representatives by these three norms; bunch meets so we may perceive how the competitor carries on and responds to threatening settings, individual to individual reenactments to perceive how the worker performs when selling an item and in conclusion by means of character poll to check whether the representative trademark coordinate with the outgoing character we are searching for. Input Constructive criticism can have a significant effect on the off chance that you need to keep workers inspired. Along these lines, it is our responsibility to ensure that all input is helpful and address all the great quality the worker gangs just as the regions of progress that will create them further. Subsequently, we will sit with representatives and perform verbal input that is clear and exact so that there is no space for misconception. We need the ensure the representative is energized and comprehends that we are submitted and keen on their vocation advancement and prosperity. We might likewise want to get criticism with respect to the preparation program and any territories of shortcoming that can be improved. We will assemble an unknown survey so the representative can be open and fair without feeling as though there are connected strings. Interchange roads for the individuals who need further turn of events In conclusion, we might want to give interchange roads to representatives who might want press further. In this manner, we will give access to proceeding with instruction course two times every year. We will likewise have refreshed posting of meetings and preparing that will go past on interior preparing with the goal that representatives will know about the most recent patterns, approaches, and openings in their particular field. We accept this will help the representative assurance as they will approach any proceeding with training varying. All in all, we accept our new preparing module will educate and give the workers all the vital apparatuses to become and look after progress.. Our attention on sanitation guidelines, correspondence, client assistance and fulfillment and systems administration will separate our workers from the rest since they will be balanced and very much educated. When this program is finished, the workers will build up a mastery in their particular zones that will have a positive effect in ICET’s hierarchical seriousness, execution and profitability. Reference http://www.indiana.edu/~uhrs/preparing/performance_management/define.htm

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Create Your Own Tree Leaf Exhibit or Collection

Make Your Own Tree Leaf Exhibit or Collection The excitement of accurately distinguishing trees can be upgraded by appropriately gathering leaves to make a tree leaf assortment and afterward mounting them in a show. Some appropriately arranged assortments have made due for longer than a century in plant segments of exhibition halls. Clearly, the best time to gather green leaves is right off the bat in the leafing season however not all that early that juvenile leaves can befuddle the authority. The long stretches of June and July give the best leaf tests yet you can discover extraordinary leaf tests all through the mid year. To make a fall shading assortment you need to gather the leaf in harvest time. I have seen numerous delightful fall shading assortments. Gathering the Leaves for a Tree Leaf Collection When choosing leaves for your assortment, maintain a strategic distance from leaves harmed by creepy crawlies, infection or nature. Attempt to choose leaves of about a similar size and shape as a dominant part of the leaves on the tree. Ensure that the total leaf is gathered. Keep in mind, straightforward leaves have just a single edge or pamphlet. Compound leaves have a few to numerous flyers. You should know these two leaf qualities. Kindly survey portions of a tree on the off chance that you need more assistance on tree leaf and twig structures. Great leaf assortments incorporate the whole leaf joined to a little piece of the twig with a sidelong or terminal bud. The gathered leaves ought to be dealt with cautiously before being set in a leaf press (more on this later) for last drying. Leaf examples can be ensured while gathering in the field by setting them between the pages of a magazine. All examples ought to be expelled from this impermanent magazine press at the earliest opportunity and put in a leaf press. You ought to have distinguished and noticed each leaf name and these names ought to follow the example until it is shown. Squeezing Leaves Before leaves are set up for the assortment, they have to experience a last drying and protecting procedure which can take as long as about a month and a half. The most ideal approach to do this is by utilizing a leaf press. The press not just jelly a great part of the leafs shading and shape, it additionally decreases dampness to a point where form and waste is limited. Understudies given a task to make a leaf assortment for the most part dont have a long time to set up an assortment. In any case, you should commit at any rate three to five days of press time for each leaf contingent upon its size and dampness content. Leaf shows become increasingly alluring as the length of squeezing time is broadened. In spite of the fact that I suggest you utilize a genuine leaf press for best outcomes, there is an ease technique used to squeeze leaves. This strategy requires no exceptional gear and is delineated beneath. The technique demands a ton of room, a level surface, and an open minded family. Select a level zone on the floor, work area, or tabletop in a live with great air circulation.Prepare essential sheets of unfurled paper satisfactory for the quantity of leaves you have gathered. You need a few paper thicknesses for each layer between each pressing.Place the new leaf specimen(s) to be pushed on the primary sheet layers. Be mindful so as not to allow leaves to cover or wrinkle by congestion. At that point essentially utilize extra layers of paper between more pressings.Cover the top and last layer of paper with hardened cardboard or compressed wood, which has been sliced to a similar size as the paper.Place adequate weight (books, blocks, and so on.) on the pressed wood/cardboard to squeeze leaves level and hold them in position. Showing the Leaves These gathered dried leaves are weak and don't withstand continued taking care of or harsh treatment. You should keep the leaves in the press until time to mount them on the show load up (if that is the thing that you are utilizing). To protect the excellence of the assortment and add solidarity to the leaves, an unmistakable plastic or acrylic splash finish might be added to them. To do this: Spot leaves level on a bit of paper or butcher paper.Apply the splash in a meager coat to the leaf surface.Allow leaves to dry totally among coats and before handling.Turn leaves over and apply a dainty layer of acrylic shower to the underside of the leaf.Handle showered leaves simply after they have dried totally. Either mount your whole assortment on a show board or spot each leaf on a different sheet of banner board or workmanship paper (all slice to a size which will hold the biggest leaf). Set up the leaf for mounting by applying a few drops of clear-drying paste to the back, place the leaf on the mounting surface and spot weight on leaf until dry. Add an alluring mark to each leaf and you are finished! In the exceptionally least you ought to have included both the normal tree name and the logical name to every example (ex: Sweetgum or Liquidambar styraciflua).

Friday, August 21, 2020

TMD Hosting Reviews Features, Ratings, Pricing, Pros Cons!

TMD Hosting Reviews Features, Ratings, Pricing, Pros Cons! Last Updated on January 12, 2020US-based TMDHosting just came into being in 2007 which puts them among the newest players in the web hosting space. With only four full-time employees at the time of opening, they went on to expand to the formidable company they are within the few years that have passed. Right now, they give older web hosts a run for their money.Peter Darazhanski, the company’s founder and CEO remarks that the mission of the company is to help people, even those with little or no technical knowledge to have an online presence. That’s what has led the company to offer installation and configuration of applications, installation of themes, and templates as well as modules for their users. Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert So far, the company lays claim to the title of being the most dedicated web hosting service, reason being they largely concentrate on the VPS and dedicated options although they do provide a shared hosting plan. Most important to them is to ensure the customer simply concentrates on their website while they concentrate on the hosting management. And well, this philosophy has worked for them as they have received raving reviews about the site’s reliability, customer support, and speed levels among other features. Get hosting for only $2.95/month here Table of Contents Our rating of TMDTMD ReviewReview of TMD: pros consPROSCONSTop features of TMD hostingFeature richHigh-end featuresExcellent customer service and supportPricingPerformance and uptimeThe verdictOur rating of TMD.elementor-19763 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19763{text-align:center} 4.5/5TMD ReviewBut TMD has gone a bit further to make the site easier to use. How? You may ask. Well, they have combined the cPanel with another cool control panel, the CloudLinux. This can only mean one thing: more stability fo r your site as well as enhanced security. Watch this video to see how well the two integrate: CloudLinux provides a lightweight virtual environment that stabilizes the system and keeps it moving even when limited resources would otherwise slow it down. It also provides a virtual file for further security for your sensitive files and documents. This is in addition to the extra layer already provided that prevents information from being accessed. Get Hosting for only $2.95/month here CONSUnimpressive speed testsWhile the speed levels of the site are decent enough to pass several tests, they are not the fastest compared with other sites like Hostpapa. Knowing the importance of speed in the web hosting industry, we feel the speeds should be better. After all, there is no reason to be on a web host unless they can provide you with speedy load times for your website. This shortcoming stood out clearly because everything else on this site is outstanding.Unlimited is really limitedAlthou gh the company has invested heavily in providing a great customer experience, they have done exactly what everyone else in the industry has done with their unlimited offers: limited them. They have a disclaimer in their terms that expects customers to understand that the terms limited and unlimited are defined by the company’s experience with the industry standard in similar situations as well as with the resource usage of the shared hosting account.Usually, there’s the aspect of the convenience of expecting to have unlimited resources as promised only to be limited when your website hits a great stride. You can’t host beyond 175,000 inodes on the TMD shared account and can only use 2,000 CPU seconds/hour. In some TMD hosting reviews, some users feel this is not generous. So in this regard, TMD is disappointing a substantial segment of the market by not living up to its offering.Top features of TMD hostingFeature richOverall, the site offers a wide range of features that make running your website an easy affair. One important feature is the Solid State Drives (SSDs). If you don’t know about SSDs, the least you need to keep in mind is they always deliver on speed and boast of faster load times. You can migrate your website with no downtime. It also offers unlimited bandwidth, unlimited disk space, MySQL databases, and a free domain among many other features on the shared hosting plan. You also get free daily backup that comes in handy when your backup fails you. VPS and dedicated servers come with even more features like high-end hardware among othersHigh-end featuresOf all the important features a web host can provide to its users, security comes on top. And this company, their servers use CloudLinux which is reputable for providing numerous security enhancements. In addition, the company’s servers always receive Operating System updates from CloudLinux Network CLN which guarantee that the servers are protected from offending DDoS attacks.In addition to that, the site offers you SSL certificates, free spam protection, and has its own firewall built on Apache’s mod which is updated on a daily basis by its support team. In case something slips past the firewall, there is a monitoring team that checks for security threats as they monitor the site’s hardware on a daily basis.Excellent customer service and supportUnlike other web hosts with a track record of days before they can respond to a raised ticket, this company has kept record response times from the very beginning. No matter what day of the week, time of the day or major holiday, there is always a customer service agent available to answer your questions.In addition, they have not just hired bodies to pick up the phone, instead, they refer to their agents as “experienced personal geniuses”. They are picked for their ability to tackle issues creatively as well as their experience in dealing with web hosting issues. So while the customer support team of TMD’s compet itors can only handle basic questions, experienced personal geniuses will handle content monitoring, traffic maintenance, performance optimization and regular upgrades all with a friendly demeanor and under the 15 minute response time guarantee.A technical support team that operates from 8 am to 8 pm, Monday to Friday is always available. So is an advanced technical team 24 hours a day all year round accessed over a specialized ticketing system. TMD goes ahead to ensure these high standards are maintained by evaluating the geniuses work daily and conducting training and workshops in-house.PricingThis is not to say it is cheap. However, considering the quality of web hosting by this provider, the pricing is reasonable and at the same time not too expensive. Additionally, the company offers a 60-day money back guarantee which is long enough and beyond what the other web hosts offer.We also appreciate TMD’s honesty in saying that they reserve the right to revise the price. This is ex pected by the consumer, however, some companies do not stipulate it and hike the prices after the first month is over. This lack of transparency leaves users feeling taken advantage of.Performance and uptimeIn a bid to avoid the cumbersome downtimes that have become commonplace in the web hosting industry, TMD has major data centers spread out all over the world. From Chicago to Illinois to Amsterdam to London to Singapore, Phoenix, Sydney as well as Tokyo, the site has ensured that they uphold their uptime guarantee and even surpass the industry standard.The servers are maintained by SingleHop (the award-winning, industry’s only self-monitoring SLA) which assures you of almost never experiencing downtime at all. So far SingleHop has kept the company ahead of the pack with no downtime incidences.Furthermore, the presence of data centers around the world means that the speed of the servers is up to date as file transfers are quick. Users can rest assured that their online presence will not be interfered with in any way. Also, the company does not oversell the shared hosting space which usually results in users getting crammed onto a server.The verdictLet us start by saying TMD is cut from a different cloth. If it were up to them, issues like haphazard downtimes and poor customer service would be obliterated from the industry. However, they are weaning users off poor quality services and showing them how to operate under optimal conditions.In the last ten years, the company has revolutionized web hosting. Their offering for the small businesses is quite substantial and their features also fit quite well with advanced users such as big corporates. They have smashed through industry standards by providing superior services that enhance the enjoyment of many users. Featuring packages from shared hosting and reseller hosting to VPS and dedicated servers to cloud hosting, they are all a good value for your money.They also boast of military style security for their websites by putting up a cisco guard firewall. With data centers that reduce consumption of power while at the same time increasing the efficiency in their operations using green energy, this hosting companys green culture has seen them reduce the carbon footprint associated with web hosting services.However, just as you will see in many TMD hosting reviews, they are also not without a few downsides, top of them being their speeds which apparently don’t match up to the industry’s best. If this is of concern to you, then there’s a better option with blazing speeds that are sure to leave you satisfied. Hostpapa has proven itself as remarkable when it comes to loading speeds so they might just be the best alternative you could get with respect to that. Click here to get great hosting today!

Monday, May 25, 2020

Conductivity and Conductive Elements

Conductivity refers to the ability of a material to transmit energy. There are different types of conductivity, including electrical, thermal, and acoustical conductivity.  The most electrically conductive  element is silver, followed by copper and gold. Silver also has the highest thermal conductivity of any element and the highest light reflectance. Although it is the best conductor, copper and gold are used more often in electrical applications because copper is less expensive and gold has a much higher corrosion resistance. Because silver tarnishes, it is less desirable for high frequencies because the exterior surface becomes less conductive. As to why silver is the best conductor, the answer is that its electrons are freer to move than those of the other elements. This has to do with its valence and crystal structure. Most metals conduct electricity. Other elements with high electrical conductivity, are aluminum, zinc, nickel, iron, and platinum. Brass and bronze are electrically conductive alloys, rather than elements. Table of the Conductive Order of Metals This list of electric conductivity includes alloys as well as pure elements. Because the size and shape of a substance affect its conductivity, the list assumes all samples are the same size. In order of most conductive to least conductive: SilverCopperGoldAluminumZincNickelBrassBronzeIronPlatinumCarbon SteelLeadStainless Steel Factors That Affect Electrical Conductivity Certain factors can affect how well a material conducts electricity. Temperature: Changing temperature of silver or any other conductor alters its conductivity. In general, increasing the temperature causes thermal excitation of the atoms and decreases conductivity while increasing resistivity. The relationship is linear, but it breaks down at low temperatures.Impurities: Adding an impurity to a conductor decreases its conductivity. For example, sterling silver is not as good of a conductor as pure silver. Oxidized silver is not as good a conductor as untarnished silver. Impurities hinder electron flow.Crystal structure and phases: If there are different phases of a material, conductivity will slow slightly at the interface and may be different from one structure than another. The way a material has been processed can affect how well it conducts electricity.Electromagnetic fields: Conductors generate their own electromagnetic fields when electricity runs through them, with the magnetic field perpendicular to the electric field. External electromagneti c fields can produce magnetoresistance, which can slow the flow of current.Frequency: The number of oscillation cycles an alternating electrical current completes per second is its frequency in Hertz. Above a certain level, a high frequency can cause current to flow around a conductor rather than through it (skin effect). Since there is no oscillation and hence no frequency, the skin effect does not occur with direct current.

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Essay on Tattoos in the Workplace - 1404 Words

Tattoos have been around for quite some time now, and they have always been a symbol of belonging, cultural expression or for religion. These days, individuals choose to tattoo themselves because it is part of their lifestyle or personal image. While continuing to grow in popularity and becoming a lifestyle, people are facing issues with having visible tattoos in the workforce. Although it is a form of free expression, employers have a right to enforce certain rules about tattoos in their company because they have a public image to uphold. How you present yourself to the public is solely important, which is why tattoos should not be allowed to be seen in the workplace, since it may appear offensive or unconservative. Even though†¦show more content†¦People must accept the fact that employees represent the public face of a company, so it is important that they follow the employer’s guidelines to respect their company image. Your tattoos may or may not be an issue to th e employer but it all depends on the location and size. With visible body piercings, they can ask you to remove them when you’re at work. Although tattoos cannot be removed like piercings, your employer can request that visible tattoos be covered at work (Whickson). If the tattoo can be hidden, then it shouldn’t be burdensome for the employee to simply cover it up to comply with the guidelines. In a 2001 study done by Vault.com, a research and employment information services company that profiles U.S. companies, almost 60 percent of employers said they would be less likely to hire someone with visible tattoos or piercings (Dellavega). Consider yourself lucky if your tattoos can be covered, because having a job is better than being rejected due to visible body art. Some may feel that people with tattoos are treated differently, but the employer is avoiding discrimination by giving you a chance to conceal them, which is a way for them to accommodate tattooed employees. Employers want their employees to look a certain way to create the appropriate atmosphere, especially when they are directly working and interacting with the population. Employees mustShow MoreRelatedTattoos in the Workplace Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesTattoos in the Workplace Christina Responsive-Final Draft April 4, 2013 There is always a lot of controversy when it comes to tattoos. Most people instantly have an opinion of them; they are either for or against tattoos. What is not realized is the fact that there is a ton of time and effort put into the sketching and placement of a tattoo. People tattoo themselves as a way of self-expression and liberation. Unfortunately, in the business world, most executives do not believe there is suchRead MoreTattoos and Piercings in the Workplace2015 Words   |  9 PagesWilson 27 January 2011 English 102 Multiple Positions rough draft Prohibition of Tattoos and Piercings in the Workplace A large number of businesses do not allow tattoos that are visible. Many also prohibit piercings, other than single earrings on women. Some industries even take their policies to the extreme of not allowing any tattoos that take up more than 25% of a body part, and if a pre-existing tattoo is too large or obscene, it must be removed (Powers). This even applies if a uniformRead MoreAre Tattoos At The Workplace A Distraction?834 Words   |  4 PagesDear Springfield Police Department, Are tattoos in the workplace a distraction? Some people agree and some disagree. Are tattoos just something that people get for attention? Sally Pearman once said, â€Å"I think that there is a different perception of people with alternative looks in the workplace.† There seems to be more behind tattoos that people do not see. Some specific jobs do not allow visible body art while doing business because it can affect their company in a negative way. Specifically,Read MoreTattoos Piercings in the Workplace Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesTattoos amp; Piercings in the Workplace PHI221 Shelley Hipps College America Abstract This paper focuses on the subject of whether or not tattoos and piercings should be allowed in the workplace. There are a lot of resources arguing that they should not be allowed, but this research maintains the point that they should be more accepted in the workplace these days. This paper concludes by discussing how tattoos and piercings are much more of an artistic expression rather than a form of rebellionRead MoreEssay about Tattoo Acceptance in the Workplace840 Words   |  4 PagesTattoo Acceptance in the Workplace Specific Purpose Statement: To persuade my audience that Tattoos should be widely accepted in the workplace. Thesis Statement: The number of people with tattoos is continually growing, but employers are still reluctant to hire those with visible tattoos. Introduction: Is there anyone here that does not like tattoos or likes them, but would never think of getting one? Today, tattoos are a growing in popularity when before tattoos were only seen on peopleRead MoreTattoos Should Be Allowed in the Workplace Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pageshaving a tattoo could ruin every hope one has of getting the job. One may ask, â€Å"why does having a tattoo ruin ones chance of getting a job?† A tattoo would ruin one’s chances at getting a job simply because it is wrongly viewed as unprofessional. Starting off as juices and markings, tattoos were nothing more than ways of identification and personalization. Rubbing juices extracted from plants onto your face and arms is the most notable to people. Also using bone needles and pigments to tattoo in aRead MoreEssay about Are Tattoos Appropriate in the Workplace954 Words   |  4 Pages Title: Are Tattoos Appropriate in the Workplace? AIU ENG106 October 25, 2014 Abstract Topic: Can having tattoos stop you from getting the job you want? Intervention Strategy: I used brainstorming for my essay. I came up with ideas to explain about tattoos in the workplace. Tattoos can stop you from getting the job you want. I feel that having a tattoo does not stop you from performing the job you are supposed to do. Does having a tattoo prevent you from doing your work? Why are some employersRead MoreTattoos And Piercings : Work Environments1417 Words   |  6 Pages Tattoos and Piercings in Work Environments â€Å"According to a 2010 Pew Research report, about 23% of adults born between 1981 and 1991 have piercings other than their earlobe† (Pfeifer, Web). Also, in 2012, 2 in 10 adults in the United States reported to have at least one tattoo. That number has increased to 3 in 10 adults just last year in 2015 (Shannon-Missal, Web). The prevalence of tattoos and piercings have increased dramatically over the past few decades, especially in teens and young adultsRead MoreTattoos Have Been Popular Throughout Time All Over The World Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesTattoos have been popular throughout time all over the world. Yet, rumors have it that tattoos are a modern day trend that originated in prison. Tattooing actually dates back to five thousand years ago. They have not just become some new pop culture fad. Prehistoric clans, ancient Egyptians, Native Americans, sailors, circus people, royalty, celebrities, and plenty of young adults today have all participated in some form o f body art. Tattooing has played a significant role in mythologies and customs

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Paid Time Off ( Pto ) Essay - 1625 Words

Introduction Paid time off (PTO) is the employer pools sick days, vacation days, and personal days that allows the employees to utilize upon need. this policy pertains mainly in USA as such no legal requirement for minimum number of paid vacation days. the PTO works best in the culture and accountable employee’s environment existing. US companies determine the amount off the pay day off that will be allocated to each employee. In general way PTO system cover, everything from planned vacation to sick leaves .and are becoming more common in human resources management. unlike traditional more plans leave, PTO doesn’t distinguish employee’s absences from personal days or vacation days or sick days. per study conducted in 2010 by WorldatWork, 44% of 387 companies surveyed said they started using PTO bank-type plans prior to year 2000. (Wikipedia -paid of time). PTO system allowed employees to take time off without any restriction imposed through traditional time off policies .the approach give employees certain number of days that put in leave bank system ,upon withdrawal from employees the system reduce the balance of leaves remaining for the employees .with the paid off leave system the employees can utilize their allocated days however they wish, without having to specify reasons .employers can advantage from PTO asking the employees to determine their leaves in advance and employer can plan for lost work days and creating family environment through the organization .Show MoreRelatedPaid Time Off ( Pto )1443 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Paid time off (PTO) is the system accumulate all kinds of identified leaves and specify as a bulk number for everyone, as sick leaves, vacation leaves, and personal leaves, this policy prevails in the USA as such no legal obligation for a minimum number of paid vacation days. The PTO works best in the culture and accountable employee’s environment existing. US companies commonly regulate the amount the pay day off that will be allocated to each employee. in addition, The PTO approach governRead MorePaid Time Off (Pto) Policies1726 Words   |  7 PagesTraditional leave systems separate time off into vacation, sick leave, personal leave, and other types of leave. In contrast, paid time off (PTO) banks typically combine all time off benefits into one cumulative bank of days which an employee can draw upon for any need. The delineations of such plans vary by employer (Lindemann Miller, 2012). In an organization, employees may receive time off for as compensation benefits. This may include sick leave, personal leave, vacations, holidays, etc. DifferentRead MoreBenefits Of A Paid Time Off Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Paid time off (PTO) is the system employer use to accumulate all kind of leaves as sick days, vacation days, and personal days that allows the employees to use upon need. this policy works mostly in the USA as such no legal obligation for a minimum number of paid vacation days. the PTO works best in the culture and accountable employee’s environment existing. US company’s regulator the amount off the pay day off that will be allocated to each employee. a general way, PTO system coverRead MoreEssay On Paid Time Off1484 Words   |  6 PagesIt is apparent that paid time off can offer many benefits to employees and employers aside from just simply reducing occurrences of unscheduled time off, likewise, a paid-time-off (PTO) policy has other benefits such as PTO, makes employees more productive, increases retention rates, makes the company more attractive to new hires, and helps prevent people from feeling guilty about taking time off. All in all, incorporating PTO can a ppear as a frightening challenge, although the process will differRead MoreBenefits Of Paid Time Off Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Introduction Paid time off (PTO) is system employer use to accumulate all kinds of leaves as sick days, vacation days, and personal days that allow the employees to use upon need. this policy works mostly in the USA as such no legal obligation for a minimum number of paid vacation days. the PTO works best in the culture and accountable employee’s environment existing. US company’s regulator the amount the pay day off that will be allocated to each employee. a general way, The PTO system cover,Read MoreA Brief Note On Hansen Mechanical Contractors ( Hmc )1515 Words   |  7 Pagesway sick time and personal time off (PTO) is paid and taken. In past years (up until 2013) sick time was only able to be taken in the calendar year and if not taken would be lost. Each employee was given seven sick days per year. Sick time could not be rolled over or cashed out at the end of the year. HMC decided starting January 1, 2014 that they would change this policy in hopes of giving their emplo yees an incentive to not use sick time and take less days off per year. Sick time was changedRead MorePaid Time Off1288 Words   |  6 PagesCaveman-like policy on paid time off (â€Å"PTO†) to the new unlimited PTO means to eliminate â€Å"vacation days† and â€Å"sick days† or a specific number of days given to employees to take off each year. Instead, company would allow employees to take as much as they need without being docked any pay. Before moving on to choosing the more suitable PTO policy, we do a research and analysis to have a better understanding about the new unlimited PTO policy. On one hand, the new unlimited PTO policy has some advantagesRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Employee Satisfaction1611 Words   |  7 Pagesdollars. Paid time off (PTO) is another benefit that an employee will receive if with a large organization that offers this benefit. It is a policy the combines: sick time, personal time, and vacation into a single bank for days for employees to use when taking paid time off from work. Employees get to use their PTO at their discretion. PTO gives employee the option to use it when they most need it. This can be for a sick day or even a vacation day. Paid vacation are days that the employee is paid whenRead MoreEssay On Employment Contract899 Words   |  4 Pagesconsideration of the promises and other acceptable and relevant consideration, the parties agree as follows: 1. Employment The Employer agrees to hire Employee and Employee agrees to serve Employer as its PARALEGAL. The Employee agrees that s/he will at all times perform all duties required of the paralegal position faithfully and to the best of his/her skills, experience and talents. Along with duties and responsibilities, Employee shall comply with all Employer procedures, policies, and rules and regulationsRead MoreUniversity Health Systems Is The Leading Trauma Center For South Texas1671 Words   |  7 Pagesthis organization offers employees. They do offer a large PTO amount each payday; however that is used for everything such as, sick leave, holiday pay, and vacations. If one of the departments is closed for the holiday then you are forced to take PTO even if you do not want to. During the first year of employment, full-time staff accrues 28 days at the rate of 8.62 hours every two weeks. The accrual rate increases with each year of full-time service, up to a rate of 38 days per year (University Health

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

The Main Criticism of Traditional Financial Reporting Sample for Stude

Question: Discuss About the Main Criticism of Traditional Financial Reporting? Answer: Introduction In business, accounting is essential in helping those who use financial statements to make effective and sustainable financial decisions (Meyer Felton 2016, p. 369). However, it is essential for every organization to come to the realization the limitations of financial reporting and accounting in the process of forming such decisions. Pantelic (2014) denotes that the adoption of professional judgment by financial professionals is essential in ensuring the organizations also operate in according with the accounting reporting policies. This report discusses the main criticism of adopting the traditional financial reporting system in an organization. It also looks into the theories as well as cost and benefits behind corporate sustainability reporting within an organization before finally concluding with a personal reflection on the need of adopting sustainability reporting in an organization. The main criticism of traditional financial reporting In their study, Beck, Dumay, and Frost (2017) denotes that financial accounting reports for most organizations have traditionally been reported based on the organizations historical cost principle. The transactions were often recorded at the cost of transaction product or item and the time the transaction was done. As a result, traditional financial reporting is often considered to be very limiting as it leads to a reduction over time in the relevance of the reported value in relation to the global business level. Bradford et al. (2017) denote that affirms that with advancement in technology, every business focuses on to be competitive. It hence requires the organization to carry out an evaluation process to understand their financial accounting practices. Such a strategy will enable the organization to understand their areas of weaknesses that will hence be improved to ensure effective performance. Theories behind corporate sustainability reporting Stakeholder Theory According to Omran (2015), the stakeholder's approach denotes that organizations are accountable to the stakeholders as well as need of considering the interest of others that can directly or indirectly affect or be influenced by the success of the business firm. The Stakeholders theory is hence adopted in the analysis of these groups that the organization has the responsibility of considering. In his study, Dunfee (2016) affirms that all organizations need to be operated for the benefit of everyone that has a stake in the firm. For instance, as the shareholders invest their capital in the investment, customers invest their trust for repeated services, the employees invest their intellectual capital and time, and the community as well invest their infrastructure. In other words, the theory denotes that every organization should play a very essential role in the society where they operate. According to Gokulsing (2011), corporations need to evaluate and understand the effects their action might have upon the stakeholders with a stake or interest in the corporation. In other words, the theory stresses the effectiveness of all the parties that directly or indirectly have an influence on the operation of the organization. The theory can as well be explained using the ethical and managerial branches. For instance, ethical branch denotes that all stakeholders have the right of knowing about the environmental and social implications of organizational operations all the time. However, managerial ranch denotes that the organization should only be concerned with stakeholders with economic impact or those who have a direct engagement with the economic activities of the organization. Social Contract Theory The theory is mainly concerned with the societal and business relationship between the community and the organization. In his study, Omran (2015) denotes that there is always an implicit social contract between the society and business implying that there are some indirect obligations businesses have towards the society. In other words, the theory requires the managers and other stakeholders of the organization to handle business decisions in an ethical point of view as the organization is always considered responsible to the whole community as they are an integral part. Gokulsing (2011) affirms that the main idea of the theory is that business organizations often operate on the public consent with the objective of serving constructively the societal requirements. It is hence considered a strategic action to the dynamic organizational situatios or new corporate challenges often known as Corporate Social Responsibility. The costs and benefits of sustainability reporting Corporate Sustainability Reporting is a broad term that defines what the reports include, how these reports are formatted, their extensiveness, and the role of the organization in the production of the reports. In her study, Miller (2011) denotes that corporate sustainability reporting is essential in communicating the Corporate Social Responsibility efforts the organization makes to the stakeholders as well as the clients. As per the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines, sustainability reporting is an organizational report that is essential in giving information concerning the environmental, social, economic, and governance performance. Brocke (2017) denotes that sustainability reporting is a stand-alone document that is separate from other financial information. Sustainability reporting is a tool that is becoming globally popular in enhancing the image of the organization as completion and the business image has become major determinants in the operation of every organization acc ording to Herremans and Nazari (2016, p. 123). By enhancing the reputation and image of the company, corporate sustainability reporting enables the organization to overcome some negative obstacles and publicity it might have received from the public or even supporting the positive image it has already created for the customers. It is also essential in attracting and retaining employees who often tend to be happier when working with companies that have concerns for them thus giving them the opportunity of giving back. Such employees often prefer to stay longer in the organization while attracting other people due to the good reviews and the recommendations about the organization. Miller (2011) also denotes that sustainability reporting increases the stakeholders understanding of the opportunities and risks involved in any sustainability project the organization desires to pursue. The report is often tied and detailed on the activities and objectives of the organization hence enabling the organization to understand the opportunities they have as well as the risks involved that should be mitigated. The report also engages stakeholders as it involves the consumers and the members of the organization for accountability, conversations, and feedback for improvements. Despite the challenges experienced with the reporting process, the organization often face challenges with how the information is collected and presented. For instance, sustainability reporting is required to be built on strong organizational goals as weak goals for the report, the organization, and the sustainability policy can cause a disaster to the operation of the organization. (2011) also denotes that there is often mismanagement of data since proper reporting requires accuracy in the reporting, collection, and presentation. It also requires the management of the organization to listen to the clients and other stakeholders as they provide data verification, advice, or comments concerning the reports, without which the organization will experience a discounting feedback. In his study, Bradford et al. (2017) also denote that sustainability is often accompanied with underreporting, tenuous comparisons, inadvertent greenwashing, disordered priorities, and unreached targets when the process of reporting is not well structured. Conclusion With the advancement in technological innovations and their adoption into the global business arena, the ability of the production of meaningful and useful whole business reporting is easier that it has always been considered. While adopting technological efficiencies, the business not only remains digital and competitive but enjoys an automated process that allows the organization to effectively understand their performance. It is hence necessary for organizations to adopt sustainability reporting as part of the business so as to have a better understanding of its sustainability performance and how its activities affect the internal and external environment of the organization. It is also a vital step that will enable the organization to achieve a sustainable global economy there every industry is advocating for sustainability in their production. It is a process that enhances accountability and trust thus facilitating value sharing with the aim of building a more cohesive society. References Brocke, J 2017, 'What can we learn from corporate sustainability reporting? Deriving propositions for research and practice from over 9,500 corporate sustainability reports published between 1999 and 2015 using topic modelling technique',Plos ONE, 12, 4, pp. 1-27, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Dunfee, T., 2016, A critical perspective of integrative social contracts theory: Recurring criticisms and next generation research topics, Journal of Business Ethics, 68, 303-328. https://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/The-benefits-of-sustainability-reporting.pdf Gokulsing, R.D., 2011. CSR matters in the development of Mauritius, Social Responsibility Journal, 7(2), 218-233. Herremans, I, Nazari, J 2016, 'Sustainability Reporting Driving Forces and Management Control Systems',Journal Of Management Accounting Research, 28, 2, pp. 103-124, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Lail, B, MacGregor, J, Marcum, J, Stuebs, M 2017, 'Virtuous Professionalism in Accountants to Avoid Fraud and to Restore Financial Reporting',Journal Of Business Ethics, 140, 4, pp. 687-704, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Beck, C, Dumay, J, Frost, G 2017, 'In Pursuit of a 'Single Source of Truth': from Threatened Legitimacy to Integrated Reporting',Journal Of Business Ethics, 141, 1, pp. 191-205, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Meyer, T, Felton, S 2016, 'Changes in the Covalence Ethical Quote, Financial Performance and Financial Reporting Quality',Journal Of Business Ethics, 134, 3, pp. 369-395, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Miller, M 2011, The Pros and Cons of Sustainability Reporting, Retrieved from https://hotelexecutive.com/business_review/3695/the-pros-and-cons-of-sustainability-reporting Omran, A M 2015, Theoretical Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting, ISSN 2162-3082 2015, Vol. 5, No. 2, Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1020.4715rep=rep1type=pdf Pantelic, M 2014, 'From traditional to modern financial reporting - what is the price of modernization?',TEME: Casopis Za Drutvene Nauke, 38, 4, pp. 1559-1572, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017. Bradford, M, Earp, J, Showalter, D, Williams, P 2017, 'Corporate Sustainability Reporting and Stakeholder Concerns: Is There a Disconnect?',Accounting Horizons, 31, 1, pp. 83-102, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 28 April 2017.

Wednesday, April 8, 2020

Capstone Problem Statement

Dallas Hospital plays an important role in responding to cases of medical emergencies in this region. In the current society where there has been emergence of deadly diseases such as Ebola, the hospitals are very important in ensuring that the lives of the Americans are protected.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Capstone Problem Statement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ebola is a clear case of a disease that does not only pose a threat to the affected person, but also to the medical staff and any other person who may have a direct bodily contact with the patient. This new delicate situation has complicated issues at many healthcare centers in this state. At the emergency department in Dallas Hospital, the staff has to deal with these cases on a regular basis. The emergency department nurses have to coordinate closely with the emergency department physicians to ensure that patient management is done in an effici ent and effective manner. It is worrying that in the modern society where technology has become a defining feature in communication, the management of HCA EFD has not considered adopting some of the emerging technologies in its communication system. It is apparent that there is confusion at the Dallas Hospital, especially in the emergency department. It has come out clearly that there is no proper communication between the Triage Nurses and Emergency Department Physicians. It has been established that the nurses have no proper communication system that can help them coordinate closely with the physicians at the emergency department. This is a very delicate situation, especially when addressing the deadly communicable diseases such as Ebola. According to Scarlat (2012), communication at the emergency department is very important not only in protecting the lives of patients, but also in managing the possible spread of a disease when dealing with communicable diseases. In some of the l eading hospitals in this country such as Johns Hopkins Hospital, technology has been used to integrate communication system for effective service delivery. However, the management of this hospital is yet to realize the importance of doing the same.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is recommended that the management should improve communication at the first point of contact using Electronic Health Records, but this can only happen if there is a good will on the side of the leadership of this facility (Schanhals, 2013). Such a sensitive facility not only needs an electronic health records that will help the physicians and nurses coordinate, but also enhance close corporation between the leaders, the marketing unit, and the IT department. A leader should be aware of the events taking place at this first point of contact so that he or she may make informed policies concerning the unit. The marketing manager must ensure that it promises the clients what the firm can offer. For this reason, the manager should have full knowledge of the activities at this unit, and all other units within the hospital. The IT department should have full information about the activities at this unit so that it may find a way of improving the communication system, especially when handling delicate scenarios such as Ebola outbreak. Such an effective communication system is lacking at this facility, the fact that makes service delivery very complex. The management should find a way of installing electronic health records at this unit. The nurses, physicians and other professionals should also be subjected to some form of training in order to enhance their capacity to handle the new system. This will be a long-term solution to the current problem. References Scarlat, A. (2012). Electronic health record: A systems analysis of the medications domain. Boca Raton: Taylor Francis.Advert ising We will write a custom essay sample on Capstone Problem Statement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Schanhals, R. (2013). Electronic health records: Understanding the medical office workflow. St. Louis: Elsevier. This essay on Capstone Problem Statement was written and submitted by user Jared Woodward to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Monday, March 9, 2020

The American Presidential Election Process essays

The American Presidential Election Process essays The presidential election process is a long and complicated procedure. Currently, we elect our president and vice-president by an indirect device known as the Electoral College. Under this system, each state has as many electors as it has representatives and senators. Candidates who win a plurality of the popular vote in a state secure all the states electoral votes. To win a presidential election, a candidate must appeal successfully to the big states, such as California and Texas. Many people are dissatisfied with are the country's current election process. A candidate could win the popular vote but lose the electoral vote, and thus lose the presidency. This method has led to a lot of controversies and may eventually lead to election reforms. One proposal concerning the presidential election process is to have a single national primary four months before the final election. Currently, there is a very tight presidential primary schedule. This process generally favors the candidate with the most financial backing. In this years primary season, there is a massive amount of primaries held on March 7. Shortly following these primaries is an even bigger barrage of caucuses and primaries. This favors the candidate with the most money, for he will be able to spread his ideas to many states in a short amount of time. A candidate with vast resources will not even have to campaign in every state because his state party establishments do the necessary things to make sure the voters hear their platform. The present alignment of state primaries is rather ineffective due to the tight schedule. Having a single national primary four months before the election seems like an appropriate alternative to the current system. This would give a ll of the candidates enough time to campaign effectively. Additionally, it would abolish the problem of states holding useless primaries. Primaries that occur after the nominee is determined are pointless. One na...

Friday, February 21, 2020

Is biomedical model out of date Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is biomedical model out of date - Essay Example It is based on 'the notion of the body as a machine, of disease as the consequence of breakdown of the machine, and of the doctor's task as repair of the machine.' (George Engel 1977). This approach has a serious shortcoming because by focusing on smaller parts of the body we lose the sight of patient as a human being. Also by considering health as proper functioning of organs, we are unable to deal with the phenomenon of healing as it is not only based on physical factors but on psychological factors of the human body. The concept of health and the concept of life are closely related. Around the globe, people follow different cultures and lifestyles. They are adapted to the different environment and slight change in the environment may lead to change in their health. Patterns of mortality and morbidity have changed shifting from a predominance of acute infectious diseases to a predominance of chronic and lifestyle-induced illness (US. Department of Health, Education and Welfare 1979 ). So here the ecological dimension is also considered while considering the concept of health. This contradicts the biomedical model.In the biomedical model, health is defined as the absence of disease. The World Health Organization defines health as ‘a dynamic state of complete physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. This clearly shows that the biomedical model fails to address the social and psychological issues and thus can be considered to be outdated.

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

What is the role of the UN in the world today and what role should it Essay

What is the role of the UN in the world today and what role should it play in the future - Essay Example 335-60). United Nations is also working for regulating international commerce, compiling data and delivering services. UN had established UNICEF. Women of child-bearing age and children are benefited with the help of UNICEF in more than 100 countries (Arnold, 1995, p. 47) Another most important role the UN playing since its creation and nowadays is to maintain peace worldwide. For this purpose, the United Nations has directed 17 interventions whose function is to form peace keeping forces. These peace keeping forces are formed with the help of different nations that are member of United Nations. The purpose of these peace keeping operations is to reduce the strain that the United Nations had to face in the form of cost of several hundred million dollars a year to spend during the Cold War. Peace keeping operations are in progress to maintain peace in all nations (Barnett, 1995, p. 79-97). The future role of United Nations will be to meet different needs such as security, politics and economic needs of the international community. This role will make sure that the United Nations and its programs, to improve health, peace and other conditions in all nations, are working properly (Beigbeder, 1987, p. 174). New challenges will be met with the help of upgraded management systems and program delivery. United Nations will also establish several services that will improve accountability of management and financial sectors of all nations. It will also make sure that all the spending for the development of different programs, departments and agencies are cost effective. To achieve success in all the future plans, the United Nations will have to develop a clear road map (Boutros-Ghali, 1992/1993, p. 89-102). The programs that had been proven highly effective in the past now seem less important and less effective. This is so because implementation of

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Teachers Diary Experience In Task Based Education English Language Essay

Teachers Diary Experience In Task Based Education English Language Essay Many areas of education are undergoing changes in the way teaching and learning is perceived. Teacher-centered lecturing and structural-syllabus instruction are giving way to a more student-centered, hands-on, practical, and flexible approaches (Shank and Cleary, 1994). The field of English language teaching is no exception in this paradigm shift. One of the areas, which came under this paradigm shift, is the traditional Present-Practice-Produce method of teaching English. It has been replaced by Communicative Language Teaching. An offshoot of Communicative Language Teaching is Task-Based Teaching. The teacher has been identified to be a learning facilitator. He does this largely through the medium of communication, verbal and non-verbal. The quality and effectiveness of such communication have a lot to do with the amount and quality of learning that takes place. This paper talks about a teachers experience in a mixed/heterogeneous classroom situation. Introduction The classroom, a small social structure, but sometimes large, is a working group of students coming from different socioeconomic background, tribes and cultural affinities, mixing with some friends, some strangers and the indifferent. These differences become complex in pluralistic societies including India. Their common task is learning a given content. It is the teacher who is the enabling agent for these socialization and learning. The teacher is the expert (at most in his field), the leader, the more mature mind and wiser. This is the idea of traditional pedagogy. During instruction in the classroom, it is the intent of the teacher to impact information and knowledge to the students and on many occasions such information and knowledge are designed to change the behavior of the learners. However, before a teacher can change the behavior of his students, he must not only possess adequate knowledge of the subject matter, he must be able to communicate his massage effectively. The teacher must have the ability to persuade his students to accept his ideas and arguments and not to leave them wondering at the end of the lesson whether to accept or reject them. The teacher should be able to use the classroom as a social system that breads atmosphere for meaningful social interactions and conducive learning environment. This brings us to the question, What is Communication? There dare many definitions of communication, as there are experts in the field. Oxford English Dictionary defines communication as the imparting, conveying or exchange of ideas, knowledge etc. (whether by speech, writing or signs). It has also been defined as the process of attempting to share with another person or other persons, ones knowledge, interests, attitudes, opinions and ideas (Ralph, Hance, and Wiksell 1975:4). Farrant (1980) also defined communication as the process of passing an understandable message from one person to another (P. 186). Every language teacher today realizes the importance and the relevance of the student-centered, hands-on, practical and flexible approach (Shank and Cleary, 1994), and the worldwide demand for Communicative Language Teaching, which helps to understand the language in context and to use it effectively in situations outside the classroom. As a result, changes have been taking place in many areas of education. The field of second/foreign language teaching is no exception in this paradigm shift. But for ELT, it has become a challenge to accommodate the changes due to various reasons. The most important factor is that one cannot ignore the practical aspect of every existing education system. This paper deals with students from mixed backgrounds who come under one roof to learn English. This paper deals with teaching methodology undertaken in CELT, O.U, Hyderabad, India, to see how a short term program can benefit students improve their communication skills. As they are mixed background students it became necessary to see how the merits of different language learning frameworks like Communicative Language Learning and Task-Based Learning can be put together to achieve the best result. As Joanne Pettis, quoting Henry Widdowson comments, If you say you are eclectic but cannot state the principles of your eclecticism, you are not eclectic, merely confused. (Pettis, 2003). Roger Dunne from Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico rightly states, In any event, most language teachers are probably influenced more by course books than by manuals and training courses and most popular course books are decidedly eclectic in their approach. It is probably these pragmatic market forces that will determine the future direction of language teaching in many parts of the world rather than a fight to death between academic fundamentalists (Dunne, 2003). This paper was set within the dual framework of Communicative Language Teaching and Task-Based Learning. Theories of language use in context play important roles in Communicative Language Teaching and theories of language learning play important roles in Task-Based Learning. Hence, the merits of both were used. Howatt (1984) distinguishes between the weak and the strong versions of Communicative Language Teaching. The weak version stresses the importance of providing learners with opportunities to use English for communicative purposes and therefore attempts to integrate communicative activities into the programme of language teaching. This is the version followed in most learning contexts, especially in Asian countries. As different from this, the stronger version of communicative language teaching claims that language can be acquired only through communication. This would mean that teaching involves not just activating an existing knowledge of the language, but stimulating the development of the language system itself (Howatt, p. 279). However, whether it is the weak or the strong version, the proponents of Communicative Language Teaching have always viewed learning a second/foreign language as acquiring the linguistic means to perform different functions. Some principles of Communicative Language Teaching include: 1. Language should be a means to an end and the focus should be on meaning, not on the form. 2. The learner has to formulate and produce ideas, information, opinions and so on. 3. Teacher intervention to correct mistakes should be minimal as this distracts from communication. (Richards and Rodgers, 1994) As David Nunan (1989) says, Task based teaching and learning is teaching and learning a language by using language to accomplish open ended tasks. Learners are given a problem or objective to accomplish but are left with some freedom in approaching this problem or objective. A task is defined by David Nunan as, an activity (or technique) where students are urged to accomplish something or solve some problem using their language. Preferably, this activity is open-ended; there is no set way to accomplish their goal (1989). According to Jane Willis, a task is a goal-oriented activity with a clear purpose. Doing a communication task involves achieving an outcome, creating a final product that can be appreciated by others. Tasks can be used as the central component of a three-part framework: pre-task, task cycle, and language focus. These components have been carefully designed to create four optimum conditions for language acquisition, and thus provide rich learning opportunities to suit different types of learners (Willis, 1996). Learners get exposure at the pre-task stage, and an opportunity to recall things they know. The task cycle gives them speaking and writing exposure with opportunities for students to learn from each other. The task cycle also gives students opportunities to use whatever language they have, both in private (where mistakes, hesitations, and approximate renderings do not matter so long as the meaning is clear) and in public (where there is a built-in desire to strive for accuracy of form and meaning, so as not to lose face). Motivation (short term) is provided mainly by the need to achieve the objectives of the task and to report back on it. Success in doing this can increase longer term motivation. Motivation to listen to fluent speakers doing the task is strong too, because in attempting the task, learners will notice gaps in their own language, and will listen carefully to hear how fluent speakers express themselves. A focus on form is beneficial in two phases in the framework. The planning stage between the private task and the public report promotes close attention to language form. As learners strive for accuracy, they try to organize their reports clearly and check words and patterns they are not sure of. In the final component, language analysis activities also provide a focus on form through consciousness-raising processes. Learners notice and reflect on language features, recycle the task language, go back over the text or recording and investigate new items, and practice pronouncing useful phrases. Components of a Task Tasks contain some form of input that may be verbal (a dialogue/role play/reading) or, nonverbal (pictures/a gesture) followed by an activity, which is in some way derived from the input. This activity sets out what learners need to do in relation to the input. Tasks have also goals and roles for both teachers and learners. Components of a Task (Nunan: 1989) From the above diagram, a task can be viewed as a piece of meaning focused work, involving learners in comprehending, producing and/or interacting in the target language. Before taking up the task of converting the textual content into various tasks, the following points were noted and kept in mind by the investigators: -The objective of the task must be stated very clearly -The task must be appropriate for the level of the learners -The task must equip the learners with the ability to apply classroom learning in new situations. -Tasks must be interesting and motivating to the students -The form the input takes, must be clear to the teacher -The roles of teachers and students must be specified clearly -Through the task, learners must be encouraged to negotiate meaning -The language that will be generated by the task must be predicted -There should be variety and flexibility in the tasks Few strategies for classroom practice to improve verbal, non-verbal and interpersonal communication Materials needed: Paper and pencil for each participant. I am going to describe a drawing I have made of a bug. Without seeing the drawing, you are to draw the bug that I describe. You may not ask questions or talk to each other. Describe the bug. The bug is round. The bug has eight legs, grouped in pairs with four legs on the left and four legs on the right. In the pairs, one leg is longer than the other. The bug has two eyes on top of the body. The bug has two squiggly antenna. The bug has two pea-pod shaped wings. The bug has a spot next to each wing. The bug has a triangular stinger on the bottom of the body The bug has two feelers on each foot one longer than the other, both coming from the same side of the leg. The bug has a round mouth, placed between the two eyes. The bug laid five square eggs to the left of the stinger. After everyone is finished. Hold up your bug so others in your group can see. Note some of the similarities and differences. Show the drawing to the entire group. Discussion questions: -Why dont all the bugs look like mine? (Interpretation: everyone has a different interpretation, based on his or her experiences.) -What did you think of first when you were told to draw a bug? What did you see in your mind? -What could we have done differently so that your drawings and mine would have looked more alike? -What would have been the advantages of allowing questions to be asked? -How many of you wanted questions to be asked? Adapted from A Kaleidoscope of Leadership, Minnesota Extension Service Words Alone Purpose: To demonstrate how important words are when the person talking and the listener cannot see each other. Materials Needed: Small pieces of paper with one of the following words on each: Procedure: Ask one person from the group to take a paper with one of the words on it and give a verbal description of what is on the paper (no hands allowed). Tell them to concentrate on the careful choice of words, avoiding non-verbal signals. Use descriptive words relating to all five senses (smell, touch, etc). Example: ice cream cold, smooth, soft, fluffy- looking, sweet, flavors. Process Questions: 1. How efficient were words alone in expressing ideas? 2. How did you feel doing this activity? (talker and listener) 3. What does this remind us to do in our own communication? Reference: Internet Conclusion Students showed interest in learning English. The reasons they gave were, classes are full of activities and play. Noted that students started talking in English openly without any apprehensions. They were highly motivated by the tasks and were encouraged to participate in doing the tasks. Though it is time consuming it is quite a rewarding experience as they gain useful insights by working through activities. They improve in their language as well as personality traits like team building, interpersonal relations, adaptability etc. Even with the existing constraints, classroom teaching can be given a communicative orientation, giving enough opportunities to students to use the language creatively. Teaching can be made learner-centered; with more emphasis on the learning process any given text may be re-created into various tasks and activities. Task-based teaching enhances the language proficiency of learners.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Women: Their Freedom, And How They Got It :: Expository Essays Research Papers

Women: Their Freedom, And How They Got It The Light at the End of the Tunnel In the past, women have been oppressed to a point where they were treated as a completely different species. They were in a country that seemed to be a dark tunnel with no hope, dreams, or sense of fulfillment. Now, women have been given their natural birthrights, and they are now able to do everything males can do. As the United States of America was building, women for some reason were not treated like they should have been. Strong women like Sojourner Truth stood up for what they knew was right. She was able to fight for all women, represent a whole "race" and take control, she was one of the very few women who had the strength and will power to face this problem head on, and win. She was able to take on an entire nation and voice her opinion regardless of what her consequences could have been. That is what it takes to free yourself and or other people from the hold of injustice. Not too many people have the quality to be able to stand up in such harsh situations but because of some brave women all of the women are able to walk down the street and feel as equal as any man passing by. They can vote, hold office, get high paying jobs, and be independent women, with independent thoughts. In the lights of the horrible past, women were able to build a defense system far better than any army or navy that any country could produce. The women were able to attack with intelligence, perseverance, and being able to bring up common sense that seemed to have been missing before. With this defense, they were able to produce an illustrious history. Now, women can linger with their pasts, and with the memories of the women who preceded them, and look towards a bright future, where people like Eleanor Roosevelt and Hillary Rodham Clinton exemplify the American women, who can live out the American Dream, once only available to males. No longer do women write books depicting their insecurities and injustices. Now women are writers of Pulitzer Prize winning works and teach aspiring male authors how to be the best they can be. In a society where it was once unheard of for women to even be educated, women take up the majority of grade school teachers, and many more have blossomed into college professors with Ph D's and MD's.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

How Did the Constitution Guard Against Tyranny Essay

Abraham Lincoln was Born on February 12, 1809 in Kentucky. Lincoln Died on April 15, 1865 at the age of 65 Lincoln’s Formal education was limited to 18 months of schooling. Prior to politics Lincoln was a lawyer Lincoln served as an Illinois state legislator, member of the House of Representatives and was an unsuccessful candidate for the Senate. Elected President in 1860; Lincoln served from 1861-1865 as the 16th President of the United States. Lincoln wanted to evoke a Spirit of reconciliation with the states that had seceded! because he didn’t want to dissolve the union IN COMPLIANCE with a custom as old as the Government itself, I appear before you to address you brieï ¬â€šy and to take in your presence the oath prescribed by the Constitution of the United States to be taken by the President â€Å"before he enters on the execution of this office.† I do not consider it necessary at present for me to -Timeliness discuss those matters of administration about which there is no special anxiety or excitement. Apprehension seems to exist among the people of -Lincoln Openly Addresses prominent issues of the Southern States that by the accession of a the time. Republican Administration their property and their peace and personal security are to be endangered. There has never been any reasonable cause for such apprehension. Indeed, the most ample evidence to the contrary has all the while existed and been open to their inspection. It is found in nearly all the published speeches of him who now addresses you. I do but quote from one of those speeches when I declare that I have no purpose, directly or -Antithesis indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no -Parallelism lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. Those who nominated and elected me did so with full knowledge that I had made this and many similar declarations and had never recanted them; and more than this, they placed in the platform for my acceptance, and as a law to themselves and to me, the clear and emphatic resolution which I now read: Resolved, That the maintenance inviolate of the rights of the States, and especially the right of each State to order and control its own domestic institutions according to its own judgment exclusively, is essential to that balance of power on which the perfection and endurance of our political fabric depend; and we denounce the lawless invasion by armed force of the soil of any State or Territory, no matter what pretext, as among the gravest of crimes. I now reiterate these sentiments, and in doing so I only press upon the public attention the most conclusive evidence of which the case is susceptible that the property, peace, and security of no section are to be in any wise endangered by the now incoming Administration. I add, too, that all the protection which, consistently with the Constitution and the laws, can be given will be cheerfully given to all the States when lawfully demanded, for whatever cause—as cheerfully to one section as to another. There is much controversy about the delivering up of fugitives from service or labor. The clause I now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as any other of its provisions: No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall in consequence of any law or regulation therein be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. It is scarcely questioned that this provision was intended by those who made it for the reclaiming of what we call fugitive slaves; and the intention of the lawgiver is the law. All members of Congress swear their support to the whole Constitution—to this provision as much as to any other. To the proposition, then, that slaves whose cases come within the terms of this clause â€Å"shall be delivered up† their oaths are unanimous. Now, if they would make the effort in good temper, could they not with nearly equal unanimity frame and pass a law by means of which to keep good that unanimous oath? There is some difference of opinion whether this clause should be enforced by national or by State authority, but surely that difference is not a very material one. If the slave is to be surrendered, it can be of but little consequence to him or to others by which authority it is done. And should anyone in any case be content that his oath shall go unkept on a merely unsubstantial controversy as to how it shall be kept? Again: In any law upon this subject ought not all the safeguards of liberty known in civilized and humane jurisprudence to be introduced, so that a free man be not in any case surrendered as a slave? And might it not be well at the same time to provide by law for the enforcement of that clause in the Constitution which guarantees that â€Å"the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States†? I take the ofï ¬ cial oath to-day with no mental reservations and with no purpose to construe the Constitution or laws by any hypercritical rules; and while I do not choose now to specify particular acts of Congress as proper to be enforced, I do suggest that it will be much safer for all, both in ofï ¬ cial and private stations, to conform to and abide by all those acts which stand unrepealed than to violate any of them trusting to ï ¬ nd impunity in having them held to be unconstitutional. It is seventy-two years since the ï ¬ rst inauguration of a President under our National Constitution. During that period ï ¬ fteen different and greatly distinguished citizens have in succession administered the executive branch of the Government. They have conducted it through many perils, and generally with great success. Yet, with all this scope of precedent, I now enter upon the same task for the brief constitutional term of four years under great and peculiar difï ¬ culty. A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofore only menaced, is now formidably attempted. Lincoln’s Inaugural had many important points that are critical to understanding the time. Point One: He promoted and promised-Strongest possible federal support for the Fugitive Slave Law and the service/labour clause. There is much controversy about the delivering up of fugitives from service or labor. The clause I now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as any other of its provisions: No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall in consequence of any law or regulation therein be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. It is scarcely questioned that this provision was intended by those who made it for the reclaiming of what we call fugitive slaves; and the intention of the lawgiver is the law. All members of Congress swear their support to the whole Constitution—to this provision as much as to any other. To the proposition, then, that slaves whose cases come within the terms of this clause â€Å"shall be delivered up† their oaths are unanimous. Now, if they would make the effort in good temper, could they not with nearly equal unanimity frame and pass a law by means of which to keep good that unanimous oath? There is some difference of opinion whether this clause should be enforced by national or by State authority, but surely that difference is not a very material one. If the slave is to be surrendered, it can be of but little consequence to him or to others by which authority it is done. And should anyone in any case be content that his oath shall go unkept on a merely unsubstantial controversy as to how it shall be kept? Again: In any law upon this subject ought not all the safeguards of liberty known in civilized and humane jurisprudence to be introduced, so that a free man be not in any case surrendered as a slave? And might it not be well at the same time to provide by law for the enforcement of that clause in the Constitution which guarantees that â€Å"the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States†? Timeliness There is much controversy about the delivering up of fugitives from service or labor. The clause I now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as any other of its provisions: No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall in consequence of any law or regulation therein be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Here Lincoln uses a direct reference to a portion of the constitution under debate. -Timeliness. . Lincoln wanted to see that the Laws of the Union, be abided by all states. Being The President-Elect, Lincoln knew it was his job to uphold the laws. I take the ofï ¬ cial oath to-day with no mental reservations and with no purpose to construe the Constitution or laws by any hypercritical rules; and while I do not choose now to specify particular acts of Congress as proper to be enforced, I do suggest that it will be much safer for all, both in ofï ¬ cial and private stations, to conform to and abide by all those acts which stand unrepealed than to violate any of them trusting to ï ¬ nd impunity in having them held to be unconstitutional. It is seventy-two years since the ï ¬ rst inauguration of a President under our National Constitution. During that period ï ¬ fteen different and greatly distinguished citizens have in succession administered the executive branch of the Government. They have conducted it through many perils, and generally with great success. Yet, with all this scope of precedent, I now enter upon the same task for the brief constitutional term of four years under great and peculiar difï ¬ culty. A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofore only menaced, is now formidably attempted. I hold that in contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of all national governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper ever had a provision in its organic law for its own termination. Continue to execute all the express provisions of our National Constitution, and the Union will endure forever, it being impossible to destroy it except by some action not provided for in the instrument itself. I hold that in contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of all national governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper ever had a provision in its organic law for its own termination. Continue to execute all the express provisions of our National Constitution, and the Union will endure forever, it being impossible to destroy it except by some action not provided for in the instrument itself. Eloquence Timelessness Perpetuity. The Constitution was established â€Å"to form a more perfect union† than the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union had been, which was explicitly perpetual in name and text, and thus the Constitution too was perpetual. He added that even were the Constitution construed as a simple contract, it could not be legally rescinded without an agreement between all parties. Lincoln didn’t recognize the Confederacy and attempted to reunite the Union in his 1st inaugural He looked at the Constitution as a contract and that A group can breach a contract but legally they are still bound to it. Again: If the United States be not a government proper, but an association of States in the nature of contract merely, can it, as a contract, be peaceably unmade by less than all the parties who made it? One party to a contract may violate it—break it, so to speak—but does it not require all to lawfully rescind it? Descending from these general principles, we ï ¬ nd the proposition that in legal contemplation the Union is perpetual conï ¬ rmed by the history of the Union itself. The Union is much older than the Constitution. It was formed, in fact, by the Articles of Association in 1774. It was matured and continued by the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was further matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen States expressly plighted and engaged that it should be perpetual, by the Articles of Confederation in 1778. And ï ¬ nally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for ordaining and establishing the Constitution was â€Å"to form a more perfect Union.† But if destruction of the Union by one or by a part only of the States be lawfully possible, the Union is less perfect than before the Constitution, having lost the vital element of perpetuity. It follows from these views that no State upon its own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union; that resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally void, and that acts of violence within any State or States against the authority of the United States are insurrectionary or revolutionary, according to circumstances. Lincoln during his speech told his audience that there wouldn’t be an invasion of the southern territory unless it were necessary for him to uphold his obligation to hold, occupy and possess the property and places belonging to the Federal government. Therefore consider that in view of the Constitution and the -Timeliness laws the Union is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability, I shall take care, as the Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that the laws of the Union be faithfully executed in -Civil war was about to begin all the States. Doing this I deem to be only a simple duty on my part, and I shall perform it so far as practicable unless my rightful masters, the American people, shall withhold the requisite means or in some authoritative manner direct the contrary. I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but only as the declared purpose of the Union that it will -Subtle Warning constitutionally defend and maintain itself. -Timeliness In doing this there needs to be no bloodshed or violence, and there shall be none unless it be forced upon the national authority. The power confided to me will be used to hold, -Lincoln is Speaking Directly to Secession and occupy, and possess the property and places belonging to the approaching Civil War. Government and to collect the duties and imposts; but beyond what may be necessary for these objects, there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people anywhere. Where hostility to the United States in any interior -Here we See Lincoln’s point that locality shall be so great and universal as to prevent competent resident citizens from holding the Federal offices, there would be no invasion for the there will be no attempt to force obnoxious strangers among the people for that object. While the strict legal right may south unless it were necessary to do exist in the Government to enforce the exercise of these offices, the attempt to do so would be so irritating and so so to uphold the government or to nearly impracticable withal that I deem it better to forego for the time the uses of such offices. defend the union. There would be no invasion of the South unless such were necessary for him as President to fulfill his obligation to hold, occupy, and possess the property and places belonging to the federal government. The Mail would Continue The mails, unless repelled, will continue to be furnished in all parts of the Union. So far as possible the people everywhere shall have that sense of perfect security which is most favorable to calm thought and reï ¬â€šection. The course here indicated will be followed unless current events and experience shall show a modiï ¬ cation or change to be proper, and in every case and exigency my best discretion will be exercised, according to circumstances actually existing and with a view and a hope of a peaceful solution of the national troubles and the restoration of fraternal sympathies and affections. That there are persons in one section or another who seek to destroy the Union at all events and are glad of any pretext to do it I will neither afï ¬ rm nor -Antithesis deny; but if there be such, I need address no word to them. To those, however, who really love the Union may I not speak? Friday, November 7, 2008 23 Before entering upon so grave a matter as the destruction of our national fabric, with all its beneï ¬ ts, its memories, and its hopes, would it not be wise to ascertain precisely why we do it? Will you hazard so desperate a step while there is any possibility that any portion of the ills you ï ¬â€šy from have no real existence? Will you, while the certain ills you ï ¬â€šy to are greater than all the real ones you ï ¬â€šy from, will you risk the commission of so fearful a mistake? Reconciliation Timely All profess to be content in the Union if all constitutional rights can be maintained. Is it true, then, that any right plainly written in the Constitution has been denied? I think not. Happily, the human mind is so constituted that no party can reach to the audacity of doing this. Think, if you can, of a single instance in which a plainly written provision of the Constitution has ever been denied. If by the mere force of numbers a majority should deprive a minority of any clearly written constitutional right, it might in a moral point of view justify revolution; certainly would if such right were a vital one. But such is not our case. All the vital rights of minorities and of individuals are so plainly assured to them by afï ¬ rmations and -Periodic Sentence negations, guaranties and prohibitions, in the Constitution that controversies never arise concerning them. But no organic law can ever be framed with a provision speciï ¬ cally applicable to every question which may occur in practical administration. No foresight can anticipate nor any document of reasonable length contain express provisions for all possible questions. Shall fugitives from labor be surrendered by national or by State authority? The Constitution does not expressly say. May Congress prohibit slavery in the Territories? The -Parallelism Constitution does not expressly say. Must Congress protect slavery in the Territories? The Constitution does not expressly say. From questions of this class spring all our constitutional controversies, and we divide upon them into majorities and minorities. If the minority will not acquiesce, the majority must, or the Government must cease. There is no other alternative, for continuing the Government is acquiescence on one side or the other. If a minority in such case will secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent which in turn will divide and ruin them, for a minority of their own will secede from them whenever a majority -Timeless refuses to be controlled by such minority. For instance, why may not Speaks to nation at anytime anyplace. any portion of a new confederacy a year or two hence arbitrarily secede again, precisely as portions of the present Union now claim to About unity. secede from it? All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being educated to the exact temper of doing this. Is there such perfect identity of interests among the States to compose a new union as to produce harmony only and prevent renewed secession? Plainly the central idea of secession is the essence of anarchy. A majority held in restraint by constitutional checks and limitations, -Periodic and always changing easily with deliberate changes of popular opinions and sentiments, is the only true sovereign of a free people. Sentence Whoever rejects it does of necessity ï ¬â€šy to anarchy or to despotism. Unanimity is impossible. The rule of a minority, as a permanent arrangement, is wholly inadmissible; so that, rejecting the majority principle, anarchy or despotism in some form is all that is left. I do not forget the position assumed by some that constitutional questions are to be -Parallelism decided by the Supreme Court, nor do I deny that such decisions must be binding in any case upon the parties to a suit as to the object of that suit, while they are also entitled to very high respect and consideration in all parallel cases by all other departments of the Government. And while it is obviously possible that such decision may be erroneous in any given case, still the evil effect -Periodic following it, being limited to that particular Sentence case, with the chance that it may be overruled and never become a precedent for other cases, can better be borne than could the evils of a different practice. At the same time, the candid citizen must confess that if the policy of the Government upon vital questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevocably ï ¬ xed by decisions of the Supreme Court, the instant they are made in ordinary litigation between parties in personal actions the people will have ceased to be their own rulers, having to that extent practically resigned their Government into the hands of that eminent tribunal. Nor is there in this view any assault upon the court or the judges. It is a duty from which they may not shrink to decide cases properly brought before them, and it is no fault of theirs if others seek to turn their decisions to political purposes. One section of our country believes slavery is right and ought to be extended, while the other believes it is wrong and ought not to be -Antithesis extended. This is the only substantial dispute. The fugitive-slave clause of the Constitution and the law for the suppression of the foreign slave trade are each as well enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever be in a community where the moral sense of the people imperfectly supports the law itself. The great body of the people abide by the dry legal >Timely- obligation in both cases, and a few break over in each. This, I think, Slavery-Major debate in country. can not be perfectly cured, and it would be worse in both cases after the separation of the sections than before. The foreign slave trade, now imperfectly suppressed, would be ultimately revived without restriction in one section, while fugitive slaves, now only partially surrendered, would not be surrendered at all by the other. Physically speaking, we can not separate. We can not remove our respective sections from each other nor build an impassable wall between them. A husband and wife may be divorced and go out of the presence and beyond the reach of each other, but the different parts of >Timelessness our country can not do this. They can not but remain face to face, and -Unity intercourse, either amicable or hostile, must continue between them. Is -Separate it possible, then, to make that intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactory after separation than before? Can aliens make treaties -relevant-still today easier than friends can make laws? Can treaties be more faithfully enforced between aliens than laws can among friends? Suppose you go to war, you cannot ï ¬ ght always; and when, after much loss on both sides and no gain on either, you cease ï ¬ ghting, the identical old questions, as to terms of intercourse, are again upon you. This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing Government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending it or their revolutionary right to dismember or overthrow it. I cannot be ignorant of the fact that many worthy and patriotic citizens are desirous of having the National Constitution amended. While I make no recommendation of amendments, I fully recognize the rightful authority of the people over the whole subject, to be exercised in either of the modes prescribed in the instrument itself; and I should, under existing circumstances, favor rather than oppose a fair opportunity being afforded the people to act upon it. I will venture to add that to me the convention mode seems preferable, in that it allows amendments to originate with the people themselves, instead of only permitting them to take or reject propositions originated by others, not especially chosen for the purpose, and which might not be precisely such as they would wish to either accept or refuse. I understand a proposed amendment to the Constitution— which amendment, however, I have not seen—has passed Congress, to the effect that the Federal Government shall never interfere with the domestic institutions of the States, including that of persons held to service. To avoid misconstruction of what I have said, I depart from my purpose not to speak of particular amendments so far as to say that, holding such a provision to now be implied constitutional law, I have no objection to its being made express and irrevocable. The Chief Magistrate derives all his authority from the people, and they have referred none upon him to ï ¬ x terms for the separation of the States. The people themselves can do this if also they choose, but the Executive as such has nothing to do with it. His duty is to administer the present Government as it came to his hands and to transmit it unimpaired by him to his successor. Antithesis – I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battleï ¬ eld and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our ELOQUENCE- nature. Friday, November 7, 2008 30 Effectiveness -One month Later the Civil War Began. -Awkward, what Lincoln had to say to the audience was irrelevant. -Shortly After his speech many of the southern states seceded. -Rather Tedious and Defensive. -In the Shadow of future speeches, Gettysburg, Lincoln second inaugural. -They didn’t have that much effectiveness for what ensued. Abraham Lincoln Transformation Period 1861-1865. The South wasn’t thrilled with Lincoln’s Election. Lincoln’s election left the south with no other option but secession-out of dislike or fear of Lincoln. Over the next four years the country would experience wars that impacted not only the ideologies of countrymen but President Lincoln as well. Through these events we see how Lincoln’s role as President led to the transformation of a nation and himself as a public ï ¬ gure. Timeline of Events April 12, (4:30A.M.) 1861 — Attack on Fort June 1861 — Four Slave States Stay in the Sumter. President Lincoln planned to send Union. Despite accepting slavery, Delaware, supplies to Fort Sumter, he alerted the state in Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri didn’t join advance as an attempt to avoid hostile actions. the Confederacy. Although divided in their South Carolina didn’t trust Lincoln; the loyalties, a combination of political commander of the fort, Robert Anderson, was maneuvering and the Union military asked to surrender immediately. Anderson maneuvered these states from secession. offered to surrender, only once his supplies had been exhausted. His offer was met with rejection and The Civil War began when Ft. Sumter was ï ¬ red on. April 1861 — Four More States Join the Confederacy. The attack Sumter prompted four more states to join the Confederacy. With Virginia’s secession, Richmond was named the Confederate capitol. Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln didn’t want to upset bordering slave- holding states so in an attempt to soothe things over, Lincoln resisted the demands of many Republicans for complete abolition. In 1861, Congress had passed an act stating that all slaves employed against the Union were to be considered free. In 1862, another act stated that all slaves of men who supported the Confederacy were to be considered free. Gettysburg July 1-July 3 1863 — Gettysburg. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural November 1864 — Abraham Lincoln Is Re-Elected. The Republican party nominated President Abraham Lincoln as its presidential candidate, and Andrew Johnson for vice-president. Context The country had been through terrible conditions due to the war. The ground was muddy- wet weather was uncomfortable and it was cold – yet thousands upon thousands arrived on capitol grounds in Pennsylvania to hear Lincoln speak in hopes for change and an end to war. Context Continued Times had changed. For the ï ¬ rst time ever, Black Soldier’s were allowed to attend a presidential Inaugural – a monumental change in American History. Licoln’s Second Inaugural Fellow-Countrymen: At this second appearing to take the oath of the Presidential ofï ¬ ce there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the ï ¬ rst. Then a statement somewhat in detail of a course to be pursued seemed ï ¬ tting and proper. Now, at the expiration of four years, during which public -Periodic declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which Sentences still absorbs the attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented. The progress of our arms, upon which all else chieï ¬â€šy depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, I trust, reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all. With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured. Past history of the war On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war. All dreaded it, all sought to -Antithesis avert it. While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to saving the Union without war, urgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war—seeking to dissolve the Union and divide effects by negotiation. Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came.! -Timeliness Hopes for the Future One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the southern part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest was the object for which -Will of the God the insurgents would rend the Union even by war, while the Government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it. Neither party expected for the war the magnitude or the duration which it has already attained. Neither anticipated that the cause of the conï ¬â€šict might cease with or even before the conï ¬â€šict itself should cease. Each looked for an easier triumph, and a result less fundamental and astounding. Both read the same Bible and pray to the same God, and each invokes His aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God’s assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men’s faces, but let us judge not, that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered. That of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty has His own purposes. â€Å"Woe unto the world because of offenses; for it must needs be that offenses come, but woe to that man by whom the offense cometh.† If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of those offenses which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through His appointed time, He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offense came, shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him? Fondly do we hope, fervently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God -Timelessness wills that it continue until all the wealth piled by the bondsman’s two hundred and ï ¬ fty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said â€Å"the judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether.†! With malice toward none, with charity for all, with ï ¬ rmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to ï ¬ nish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may – achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.! Timelessness -Effectiveness